Corporate Governance Practices At Reliance Media Industries Limited

Question: Examine about the Corporate Governance Practices At Reliance Media Industries. Answer: Proposals that depend on corporate administration rehearses at Reliance Media Industries Limited Company Corporate administration alludes to a framework that includes practices, procedures, and rules through which an organization or an association is both controlled and coordinated. Basically, Corporate Governance typically involves a demonstration that guarantees the interests of the organization too of its various partners, for example, clients, the board, investors, the network, government, lenders, and providers are even. In light of the corporate administration report of Reliance media enterprises, it is very clear that there are different practices that are grasped by the organization so as to guarantee that it keeps up a positive and significant working relationship with its various partners (Madhani, 2014). For example, dependence media utilizes different corporate administration rehearses that incorporate among others utilization of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) through contribution gifts, giving ecological assets, and guaranteeing that it treats workers in a superior m anner to engage them offer back to their individual networks or social orders. That separated, Reliance Media Industries in its undertaking to grasp corporate administration additionally utilizes different advisory groups, reports, and other straightforward records so as to guarantee that the most elevated levels of corporate administration are maintained by the organization (Larcker Tayan, 2015). The utilization of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) by Reliance Media to advance Corporate Governance Practices in the Company Dependence Media Company grasps Corporate Governance by guaranteeing that it has set up a board of trustees with away from of reference. Among different duties and terms required by the council, they include: Detailing and proposal towards the board a viable CSR obligation that portrays the different exercises which ought to be attempted by the association in consistence with the arrangements which have been specified in the Companies Act 2012 and the standards that are made there under. Suggest the measure of consumption that ought to be brought about or spend in the CSR exercises. Screen usage of CSR strategy of Reliance Media restricted every now and then. Endorsement of Corporate Sustainability reports and furthermore administers the viable usage of various maintainability exercises, for example, protection of nature (Shah Ramamoorthy, 2014). How Reliance Media Limited uses Corporate Social Responsibility in grasping Governance Practices The Use of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) It is reasonable to take note of that Reliance Media restricted as a rule guarantees that Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR is really at the center of its CSR theory and it has kept on guaranteeing this turns into a top need. For example the companys CSR groups at the assembling office decidedly and routinely interface with the neighboring network in different regions or divisions, for example, in wellbeing, advancement of framework, and in instruction (Lattemann, 2014). The organization( Reliance Media Limited) through its assembling division in this way guarantees the networks around them are furnished with safe drinking water as well as appreciate benefits that exude from improved town framework just as development of schools in the area. That separated, Reliance media likewise takes part in positive CSR through gift of help just as general help with conditions where there is event of any cataclysmic events inside such networks. As a team with various Non-Governmental Organiz ations (NGOs) and other important accomplices, Reliance Media Limited likewise engages in different wellbeing activities and network improvement exercises (Singh Verma, 2014). The organization, Reliance Media Limited, is profoundly keen on guaranteeing that there is protection of the earth and consequently it has guaranteed that assets are designated towards this noble purpose. For example, Reliance Media has guaranteed that assets are put aside to be utilized in different ecological exercises, for example, tree estate, gushing treatment, and even in treatment of dangerous squanders. Better Employees One of the critical undertakings that have been made by Reliance Media so as to grasp Corporate Governance is that it has guaranteed that its representatives are all around rewarded. This has been made conceivable through the foundation of the Employee Stock Option Scheme. This is really perhaps the broadest program that has so far been very effective in the organization and is known to cover countless workers (Yadav Jain, 2016). This has in fact assumed a noteworthy job in improving corporate administration at Reliance Media Limited. This program is very significant for representatives at Reliance Media since it adequately encourages not just the appointment o expert in the organization however it likewise guarantees that both honesty and administration are all around kept up. Additionally, this program is very judicious for the organization since it has guaranteed that there is absolute arrangement and reconciliation of individual interests with the companys development objectives. The utilization of Committees in grasping Corporate Governance at Reliance Media Limited Dependence Media Company has a steady undertaking of guaranteeing that there is appropriation of the best administration rehearses as specified in the International Codes of Corporate Governance and as it is viably rehearses by famous worldwide organizations on the planet. Aside from the way that the organization utilizes Corporate Social obligations and straightforward reports so as to improve corporate administration in its domains, note that the organization additionally utilizes a board to guarantee its objectives and goals are all around accomplished (Taylor, 2015). For example, Reliance Media constrained really has a free Board Committee that not just arrangements with issues or issues to do with Corporate Governance and Stakeholders Interface yet additionally manages the designation of its Board individuals. The Use of Reports and Transparencies by Reliance Media in Corporate Governance Practices Utilizing of proper reports and straightforward records is one of the significant ways that Reliance Media Company utilizes so as to improve Corporate Governance rehearses. For example, Reliance Media not just has an assigned Lead Independent Director that has a characterized job, however it likewise guarantees that there is a steady survey of all the suitable protections related filings with the Stock Exchanges (Yadava Sinha, 2016). Notwithstanding that, all the protections are likewise checked on after each quarter by financial specialists just as the Shareholders Grievance Committee that includes the companys Directors. Notwithstanding that, Reliance Media Limited has additionally evolved methodology and arrangements to upgrade revelations accordingly grasping corporate administration rehearses. References Larcker, D., Tayan, B. (2015). Corporate administration matters: A more critical glance at hierarchical decisions and their results. Pearson Education. Lattemann, C. (2014). On the assembly of corporate administration rehearses in developing markets. Global Journal of Emerging Markets, 9(2), 316-332. Madhani, P. M. (2014). Corporate administration and exposure practices of Indian firms: An industry viewpoint. Shah, S., Ramamoorthy, V. E. (2014). Corporate Social Responsibility: The Indian Story Comes a Full Circle. In Soulful Corporations (pp. 199-235). Springer India. Singh, A., Verma, P. (2014). CSR@ 2%: another model of corporate social duty in India. Taylor, K. (2015). Gaining from the Co-employable Institutional Model: How to Enhance Organizational Robustness of Third Sector Organizations with More Pluralistic Forms of Governance. Regulatory Sciences, 5(3), 148-164. Yadav, R. K., Jain, R. (2016). Client's Perception Towards Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)- A Case Study of Reliance Life Insurance. World Scientific News, 42, 267. Yadava, R. N., Sinha, B. (2016). Scoring Sustainability Reports Using GRI 2011 Guidelines for Assessing Environmental, Economic, and Social Dimensions of Leading Public and Private Indian Companies. Diary of Business Ethics, 138(3), 549-558.

The Strengths and Weaknesses of International Law Essay -- Internation

Much following quite a while of moderately settled example for the relations between the states there is as yet an equivocalness on the issue of state power. To which degree its’ infringement could be defended? In the investigation of International Relations there are two significant points of view on the authenticity of such activities, they are: liberal and pragmatist. While previous backers for this estimates when the state itself damages human privileges of the residents and expanded intercession is required (Kegley, 259), last cases that the state sway is the focal presumption of this hypothetical structure (Kegley, 28) and the activities that may encroach it are not real. 2011 military intercession in Libya, expected to stop Gaddafi’s system (UNSC), can exhibit both of these viewpoints. In addition, it especially features the nearness of peacemaking actors’ duty to secure the human privileges of regular people. By the by, both pragmatist and liberal viewpoi nts incorporate the authenticity of infringement of the state power and simultaneously uncover wrongness of this issue. The liberal hypothesis stresses the significance of non-state on-screen characters, for example, the political foundations, Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs), Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs) in world governmental issues dynamic. Every one of them should act as indicated by the open universal law which controls the administration to-government connections (Kegley, 400). Therefore, when Libyan government began to stifle the uproars and exhibitions of regular citizen populace by the military methods the global network got wary about the results of such approaches (UNSC). Additionally, when the administration neglected to react for the calls to stop the viciousness, the reaction of the Un... ...ng of global law’s effectiveness. Works Cited Allen, Peter. France Stops All Italian Trains Carrying North African Immigrants. The Telegraph. 17 Apr. 2011. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. . Iran Profile. BBC News. BBC, 03 Feb. 2012. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. . Kegley, Charles W., and Gregory A. Raymond. The Global Future: A Brief Introduction to World Politics. fourth ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2011. Print. Schenk, Caress. Governmental issues of Global Security: Liberal other options. Talk notes. 17 Apr. 2012. Joined Nations Security Council. Security Council Report. Rep. Joined Nations, 8 Nov. 2011. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. .

How to Write About Your Summer Internship in a College Essay

How to Write About Your Summer Internship in a College Essay 4 Ways to Turn Your Summer Internship into an Amazing College Essay 4 Ways to Turn Your Summer Internship into an Amazing College Essay So, you got a summer internship? Well, we  have good news and bad news. We’ll start with the bad news. You have to work all summer. This is really going to take time away from  all of the college essay writing you planned to do this summer (but what are lunch breaks, evenings and weekends for, right?). The good news is that internships are nothing like what you may see in movies. No, you probably won’t be spending hours a day making photocopies and coffee for your superiors. Instead, you’ll be getting real-world experience in a field that you may potentially choose to go into one day, and if you pay attention, you could also end up with the perfect college essay topic. In order to make the most of your internship, it’s important to observe everything going on around you. If you’re like most humans, you won’t remember all of that valuable information unless you make a conscious effort to record it. So, keep a notebook (or notebook app) with you at all times. Just in case you don’t know what to focus on, we put together this guide to show you how to take your notes to the next level. 1. Keep Track of Your Responsibilities You will likely know the basic expectations for your internship before you even begin, but what you’ll realize when you arrive is that your responsibilities grow and change over time as you become more confident and your superiors come to trust your ability to do good work. So make sure to note how your work changes from week to week (or even day to day) and any new skills you acquire as you go. What can you do during week three of your internship that you couldn’t do during week one? What do you know now? Do you take on any additional special projects or tasks? Tracking your growth over the course of your internship is the perfect first step to formulating a compelling and personal narrative for your college essay. 2. Pay Attention to Professional Conversations Take note of how professionals who have already established a place for themselves in the workplace act when talking to other professionals. Pay attention to their mannerisms, the language they use, the amount of eye contact they make, and how they address the other person. What interpersonal skills do people in this field seem to cultivate? How do they relate to your own gifts? Will you have to push yourself out of your comfort zone to succeed or are you a perfect fit? Allowing your internship to be a springboard for this kind of self reflection will give you a personal angle for your application essay, not to mention a clearer sense of what you might want to be when you grow up. 3. Write Down (and ask) Questions As you start to delve into assigned tasks and get into the groove of your internship, you’ll probably have a lot of questions. Write them down. No question is a stupid question! Decide who will best answer your question, then ask it. Once you have the answer, write that down too! Not only will you gain information this way, but you may also form meaningful connections with colleagues who will begin to support and trust you as you gain more competence and comfort with their profession. Keeping track of questions and their answers will also serve as a good record of your learning over the course of your internship. 4. Get Contact Information You mean to say your coworker is a Brown University Alum and that just so happens to be your top choice school? Get their contact information! Write it down! Ask this person questions about Brown. Write that down too! Even if this person isn’t an alum of your top school, you still can gain valuable insight from anyone in the professional world. You’ll know what kinds of programs can help you on your journey to your ideal career, and also what kinds of people and values those programs cultivate. With all of this personal information in hand, you will be able to tailor any personal statement you want to showcase your most relevant qualities and experiences. Though it may not seem like the most glamorous summer, having an internship is a privilege and it’s your opportunity to get your feet wet in the sea of professionalism. So, make observations, ask questions, and take notes. Good luck and we really hope you don’t end up being one of those interns that just make coffee! About Thea HogarthView all posts by Thea Hogarth » Need help writing your essay? Give College Essay Academy a Try. WATCH CHAPTER 1 FOR FREE »

Gender Inequalities Around The World - 993 Words

After doing research on gender inequalities around the world, I realized how bad a lot of countries are to women. Looking at the countries that have gender inequalities, I can see why they are not moving towards sustainability. In this essay, I will be providing detailed examples of how different countries treat their women and wives. In some countries, women and wives don’t have the right to travel without their husband or their closest male relative’s permission. In Egypt, Bahrain, and Syria, it is the husband’s right to stop their wives from traveling out of the country. All the husband needs to do is file a complaint at the airport to prevent his wife from leaving the country. The husband doesn t even need to give the airport any reason for why he doesn t want his wife traveling. In other countries like Iraq, Jordan, Morocco, Oman, and Yemen, the husband needs to provide written permission for their wives to travel. Lastly in Saudi Arabia, for an unmarried woman to travel they must have written permission from their closest male relative. This written permission is for leaving the country or traveling on public transportation between the different parts of the country. In South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, forty percent of women are married before their 18th birthday. The women don’t have the right to choice their husbands. Now in Pakistan, women’s marriages are arranged. The women are expected to accept this arrangement. If any women were to refuse their marriageShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality Around The World1437 Words   |  6 Pages Gender Inequality Around the World In his book Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide, Nicholas D. Kristof said, â€Å"In the nineteenth century, the central moral challenge was slavery. In the twentieth century, it was the battle against totalitarianism. We believe that in this century the paramount moral challenge will be the struggle for gender equality around the world†. Although women have made great strides in gaining equality, females around the world are not treatedRead MoreGender Inequality : A Critical Issue That Affects Women s Rights1662 Words   |  7 PagesGender Inequality Research Paper Gender inequality is a critical issue that affects more women than their male counterparts all around the world. Gender inequality is a form of legal discrimination towards women’s rights. In order to progress and grow as a community and society, gender equality needs to be acknowledged. According to LISTVERSE, the top ten â€Å"extreme† examples of gender inequality towards women that exists around the world today, specifically in the Middle East and North Africa, areRead MoreGender Equality And Gender Inequality921 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the dictionary, the definition of gender equality is the state in which access to rights or opportunities is unaffected by gender. Gender inequality is happening, where women have less control over resources, less power than males, and fewer opportunities across social, economic, and political life. Gender inequality is happening because of women’s physical difference in education, work pay and job opportunities, fa mily and culture, religion, and government. This is due to the stereotypicalRead MoreGender Inequality : A Critical Issue That Affects Women s Rights1665 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor Williamson 11/10/15 Gender Inequality Research Paper Gender inequality is a critical issue that affects more women than their male counterparts all around the world. Gender inequality is a form of legal discrimination towards women’s rights. In order to progress and grow as a community and society, gender equality needs to be acknowledged. According to LISTVERSE, the top ten â€Å"extreme† examples of gender inequality towards women that exists around the world today, specifically in the MiddleRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality1667 Words   |  7 PagesGender inequality is the state in which access to rights or opportunities is affected by gender. Gender inequality is an issue not just nationally but globally. This issue is portrayed by the mistreating of individuals, mainly women, and not valuing everyone as one. This presentation will illustrate the exploration of gender equality, propose a solution and why that solution will produce a better future for a better world. Gender inequality is a very important issue common in our world today thatRead MoreGender Inequalities And Gender Inequality922 Words   |  4 PagesGender Inequalities in Education Judge Sonia Sotomayor states, â€Å"Until we get equality in education, we won t have an equal society. That quote resonates throughout the world because of gender inequality in education. Researchers believe gender inequality still exists in the 21st century. Through research, controversial opinions exist about inequality in schools and what has been done to address this situation. What is gender equality? Gender inequality refers to disproportionate dealing or assessmentsRead MoreGender Inequality, Functionalism and Symbolic Interactionism868 Words   |  4 PagesGender inequality refers to the inequality between men and women, or the unequal treatment or perception of a person based on his or her gender. Gender inequality is almost always prominent towards a female rather than towards a male. Women are seen as inferior to men in every country in the world. This form of society is called patriarchal and is one of this biggest issues in American society today. Patriarchy means that the country has a primarily male dominated society. Does anyone realizeRead MoreGender Inequality : A Feminist Perspective770 Words   |  4 Pagestopics of gender inequality become more and more popular in the society because a lot of reports show that many women are killed by bias on all over the world every year and women are hard to find a job in some places nowadays. Under this background, the â€Å"team† of feminist becomes stronger and stronger. In‘’ ‘I’ve been pondering whether you can be a part-feminist’: Young Australian Women’s Studies student discuss gender†, Kate Hughes presents the changing of students who has different gender perceptionsRead MoreGender Inequality And The Corporate World : How Do You Feel About Women Holding Higher Positions Within Corporations?1516 Words   |  7 PagesGender Inequality in the Corporate World How do you feel about women holding higher positions within corporations? In today’s society, there are several inequalities between women and men. These inequalities between women and men have been around since the beginning of time and will always be a factor. Gender inequality can be seen in many different ways across our society today. One major area that this inequality can be seen is in the workforce. There are many women who have jobs in today’sRead MoreGender Inequality Within The World1088 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States attend classes where gender equality exists. Students have classes in which both boys and girls are treated equally and are friends with one another and that is all that they have ever known. However, this is not always the case in every country. As of 2015, 53% of the children who are not attending school throughout the world are female (11 Facts About...). Gender inequality is an important issue that needs to be focused on and fixed throughout the world, especially within the education

The Impact Of Buddhism On Women And Our Advancement

When I primarily began this essay, I was oblivious to how significant of an impact Buddhism has had on women and our advancement as a gender, specifically in religion. Upon further exploration of women in the Buddhism religion, it was quite obvious that the religion is practiced very differently from society to society, but at the end of it all, there is no denying the implication Buddhism has had on females and our spiritual roles. By contrast to bigoted practices that impede spiritual development, Buddhism can be claimed to be the least discriminatory towards women. My goal of this paper is to illustrate how the Buddhism religion has altered the female role in religion, yet still maintains bigoted stereotypes, within very many different societies and communities. Women have been a part of Buddhism since it began in Northeast India in 6th century BC, by a man named Gautama Buddha. The religion of Buddhism does not involve any theistic world-view, therefore Buddha was not a god. The teachings of Buddha are designed exclusively to liberate emotional beings from misery. There is no doubt that Buddha was the first religious leader to give women equal opportunities in the field of spiritual development. Looking back to the very beginning of the religion, many of Buddha’s wisest and most capable disciples were laywomen and nuns. Originally, Buddha had expelled women from monastic practice, but eventually overturned his decision, therefore permitting them to practice inShow MoreRelatedThe Reasons Of The Tang Dynasty : The Golden Age930 Words   |  4 Pageswas also very interesting. In the beginning of the Tang dynasty, the emperors of the Tang dynasty were very tolerant for religion. Then in the middle, the main/ popular religion was Buddhism. In the end, confusion became the national religion and the rulers banned all other religions and a lot of places for Buddhism were shut down. They also had their every own cultures and invention. The inventions were again one of the main things that made that made Tang dynasty very successful.The Tang DynastyRead MoreEssay on The Nation Of Japan964 Words   |  4 Pagesunique and rich in culture. Japan has made many advancements in its time. In the topics of history, government, geography, culture, and economy, Japan has a very interesting background and future. The earliest known period in Japan was the Jomon period, which lasted from 13000 BC to 300 BC. This period included mostly fisherman and hunters. During the Yayoi period, agriculture was introduced and social classes began to form. In the mid 500’s, Buddhism was introduced to Japan, mostly due to influenceRead MoreComparing The Tang Dynasty And The Western Civilization1524 Words   |  7 PagesFrom as far back as time could go, nearly who and what a person was depended on their gender. Women were seen as inferior to men no matter their intellectual or social status background. Men and women alike were expected to have certain and specific duties associated with their gender. Gender roles have always been a popular discussion topic due to its major impacts on cultural norms of various time periods. The popular start and discussion of gender roles and feminism specifically was initiatedRead MoreThe, The Hippies, And The Hipsters1577 Words   |  7 Pagesfolk music. As I said, they both looked for a deeper meaning to life but the hippies did this through their spirituality. We see this same trend going on with today’s hipsters. There are a few hipster fashion staples such as tight jeans for men and women, plaid shirts, and big sweaters. The hipsters defy mainstream culture by their love for indie folk music. They search for a deeper meaning of life through spirituality much like the hippies. Although they all did it in a different way according toRead MoreGlobal Environment,3475 Words   |  14 PagesIn a global environment, religious practice frequently affects business practices within organizations. Religion impacts business and social interactions from meetings to greetings, holidays and community events and is an inherent factor of cultural values. A culture’s belief systems are invaluable tools for encoding and reinforcing key value orientations within a given group or community, thereby lending it cohesiveness in outlook and perspective to the everyday challenges of life. Awareness ofRead MoreLove, Sex and Gender in the World Religions Essay4945 Words   |  20 Pagesis the need to redefine attitudes toward gender as women have stepped forward to insist that their full humanity be acknowledged in the religious as well as the social realm. In a process begun in the nineteenth century and accelerated in the twentieth, the great religions of the world became truly global in the geographic distribution of their adherents and so began to impact and influence each others adherents in new ways. From Asia, Buddhism and Hinduism began seriously to influence the WestRead MoreExploring globalization Essay3910 Words   |  16 Pagesin the fast-paced world we live in. Collective Identity: Travelling back to China every year is a great way to reconnect with the community that I was born into. It is a chance to refresh my language skills, to practice religion (Buddhism) that is often ignored in our home in Canada, and to feel like I am still accepted in the Chinese community despite being raised in Canada. I am fortunate enough to be a part of two major groups in China who are separated by economic conditions. I am able to connectRead MoreDiscuss the Contribution Feminism Has Made to Our Understanding of the Sociology of Religion. Illustrate Your Arguments with Sociological Examples.2539 Words   |  11 PagesPaula Gourley Discuss the contribution feminism has made to our understanding of the sociology of religion. Illustrate your arguments with sociological examples. The sociology of religion examines the significance of the role of religion within society. It is not concerned with philosophical or theological issues such as the existence of God. Rather the sociology of religion examines how beliefs and practices affect behaviour, how religion is understood and how it influences social life. It alsoRead MoreAp World History Units 1-3 Study Guide Essay4374 Words   |  18 Pages Evidence proves that the Mesopotamians * Traded extensively with peoples as far away as Anatolia, Egypt, India 7. Major effect of Neolithic Revolution * The establishment of sedentary village communities 8. Conditions for women in Mesopotamia * Grew increasingly worse over time 9. The division of the ancient people into social and gender hierarchies was first made possible by * Rise in agricultural production 10. Ethical monotheism was the traditionRead MoreWomen Employment in India7222 Words   |  29 PagesGENDER DISCRIMINATION (Women employment in China and India) Sunida Singh Expo36@gmail.com 082 WE FORGET TO TAKE A PHOTO TOGETHER ^ ^ TABLE OF CONTENT Introduction3 Gender discrimination4 Global Women Employment6 Women Employment in China†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦11 Women Employment in India14 * Labor force trends amp; legislation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 * Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..16 * Changing Work Place†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 Successful case to promote women employment AVON China

Participation Free Essays

There are many reasons supporting me to participate In JENNETS 2. 0. First of all, this opens me a great opportunity to exchange my linguistic capacity as well as soft skills (communication skill, team work skill†¦ ) to engage In my future Job. We will write a custom essay sample on Participation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Moreover, as working in international environment, I might gain more practical experiences from differences In culture, working styles From that, my thinking will develop In positive and comprehensive way. Secondly, Japan Is one of my favorite countries and also the promising land for future career. Therefore, Joggling this program enables me to understand more about Japan In many aspects (economy, culture, society†¦ ). Traveling to a new country, getting to know new friends†¦ Are the most precious things for youth particularly for me. Another reason Is the meaningful alma of the journey: maintain long term friendship between two countries through exciting activities. Thanks to this, Vietnamese and Japanese youth can easily explore the good values of both countries then discuss helpful ideas for national improvement. Personally, I will contribute a small part for Vietnam development by participating in JENNETS 2. 0. 2. What will you be able to contribute to it ? During the program, I will attempt to introduce about Vietnam – a country is overcoming the war tragedy to integrate with the world. Furthermore, joining all activities enthusiastically is another way to make Vietnamese impression on Japanese friends. In addition, I shall take advantage opportunities studying wonderful innovations of Japanese so that we could apply to Vietnamese situation. Hopefully, I might have more Japanese and also Vietnamese friend because there is nothing to strengthen solidarity but friendship. In conclusion, if I have chance to become a participant, I will try my best to perfect the Jounce. How to cite Participation, Papers

The way the viewer experiences art Essay Example For Students

The way the viewer experiences art Essay To him, television was not a defined and limited medium but was a kind of performance object with which he could perform through his imagination and rage against conformity. By doing so; Nam June Paik hopes challenge idea the idea of television as a medium and domain exclusively controlled by a monopoly of broadcaster. He therefore creates alternatives forms of expression out this familiar and accepted everyday object and presented it as art. He experimented with not only with the medium itself but also played with the forms and formats in which they come in, sometimes even inventing the very tools that he used. We will write a custom essay on The way the viewer experiences art specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now One example of such works is, Magnet TV. In this work, Paik made use of powerful externally mounted electromagnets to manipulate electrons within the television set. In doing so, the process produced a continuously morphing display of abstract lines and shapes on the television screen. The large magnet outside the television can be moved to change the image and modify abstract patterns of light, thus offering the viewers opportunities to actively interact with the work Joseph Beuys made use of materials that are reminders of his past experiences, such as fat and felt. These materials are endowed with metaphorical meaning based on the physical qualities inherent in them. For instance, fat, which contains nourishments and a source of energy, is a metaphor for the potential of change ans the release of creative energy. Likewise, felt exemplifies materiality and density connotes the properties of insulation and protection. The two materials are thereby elevated to utmost importance and transformed into instruments of secular upheaval. One example of work which illustrates his choice and treatment of materials is ‘The Pack’. This installation presents tll;wenty-four sledges, resembling a pack of dogs, tumbling from the back of a Volkswagen van. Each sledge carries a survival kit made up of a roll of felt for warmth and protection, a lump of animal fat for energy and sustenance, and a torch for navigation and orientation. All the objects here are readymades but thoughtfully arranged according to the artist’s intentions. This work exudes the chaotic and dynamic energy which Beuys considered essential in order to bring change in society. The idea of death and survival is played out here, with the sleds carrying items of orientation (flashlight), protection and warmth (felt), and food (fat). Fat and felt, comes across as a regenerative balm for a traumatised post-war Europe. They bear symbolic importance in Beuys’s mind due to his war-time experience. However, unlike Nam June Paik’s television experiments which have changing meanings in different contexts, the fat and felt in Beuys’ have rather similar meaning and significance across all his works. In terms of the manipulation of the physical form of the medium, Paik’s works have greater appeal than that of Beuys’s. Nam June Paik transformed the instrumentality of the television set through a process that expressed his deep insights into electronic technology and his understanding of how to reconceive television, to turn it inside out and render something entirely new. His works tapped on our imagination of what a television set could be. Whereas, in Beuys’s works, the material, though carefully selected and recontextualised in his visual vocabulary to convey artistic messages, is plain and unclothed. Nam June Paik ‘s use of TV proved to be a wiser choice in relating to the audiences as TV has very much becomes a important commodity in our daily lives. The modification of TV sets comes across as new and fresh, and does not fail in prompting us to look into what a television set constitutes and reinterpreting our relationship with it. The fat and felt is much more unfamiliar to the viewers. They can only appreciate the significance of the materials, with prior knowledge of Joseph Beuys’s past. Both Nam June Paik and Joseph Beuys’s works reject the traditional notion of aesthetics. They turned away from the craft of illusion making and creating beautiful images which are very much admired by the conservative public. .u77ab4b51b77cb096d1aad5259ffb5586 , .u77ab4b51b77cb096d1aad5259ffb5586 .postImageUrl , .u77ab4b51b77cb096d1aad5259ffb5586 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u77ab4b51b77cb096d1aad5259ffb5586 , .u77ab4b51b77cb096d1aad5259ffb5586:hover , .u77ab4b51b77cb096d1aad5259ffb5586:visited , .u77ab4b51b77cb096d1aad5259ffb5586:active { border:0!important; } .u77ab4b51b77cb096d1aad5259ffb5586 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u77ab4b51b77cb096d1aad5259ffb5586 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u77ab4b51b77cb096d1aad5259ffb5586:active , .u77ab4b51b77cb096d1aad5259ffb5586:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u77ab4b51b77cb096d1aad5259ffb5586 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u77ab4b51b77cb096d1aad5259ffb5586 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u77ab4b51b77cb096d1aad5259ffb5586 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u77ab4b51b77cb096d1aad5259ffb5586 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u77ab4b51b77cb096d1aad5259ffb5586:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u77ab4b51b77cb096d1aad5259ffb5586 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u77ab4b51b77cb096d1aad5259ffb5586 .u77ab4b51b77cb096d1aad5259ffb5586-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u77ab4b51b77cb096d1aad5259ffb5586:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Space Exploration EssayInstead they initiated their own definitions of beauty which lies in the experimental nature of work and insistence in processes. Nam June Paik Joseph Beuys’s works inherits Dada’s audacity. It reacts by offering alternatives, by not playing by the rules. Beauty, in his works, is a mean of escaping from the issues and obligations of the day. He answered the need of the population, waking up from the shock of its economic social and cultural lethargy following the war, and showed a way to rise from the ashes that was as fun as it was holistic and spiritually challenging. Beuys believed that performance could evoke a spiritual response in audience, ultimately providing healing process. He sometimes compared his role to that of a shaman. His performances were ritualistic, incorporating powerful symbols of birth, death and transformation. One example of such performance is ‘I Like America and American Likes Me’. In this work, Beuys spent three days in a room with a coyote. Coyote was chosen as the subject matter as it has been seen as a powerful god by Native Americans. With the arrival of European settlers, the coyote was then seen as a pest to be exterminated. Beuys saw the debasement of the coyote as a symbol of damage done by the white man to the American continent and its native cultures. His performance was an attempt to heal some of these wounds. Beuys regularly performed a series of actions with his eyes continuously fixed on the coyote. At other times, he would rest or gather felt around him to suggest the figure of shepherd with his crook. The audience can observe the changes in the coyote’s behaviour throughout the three days, becoming cautious, detached, aggressive and sometimes companionable. They thereby witnessed the transformative power of Beuys’s performance, of how an act initiates a change. They then appreciates the beauty belies the unfamiliar rituals and his ideologies. Nam June Paik make use of the concept of moving image to express representational and abstract imagery through recorded and virtual technologies He is interested in articulating the expressive and compositional capacities of the electronic moving image. To achieve this, he utilise his understanding of the functioning of television and his ability to alter its properties enabled him to produce compelling, non-narrative segments of video. As a result, his work is given a dynamic life which moves, breathes and flows with pulsing excitement in real time. This allows his works to have greater aesthetic appeal as compared to the stagnant imageries of traditional mediums such as painting, and is more effective in engaging the audiences. One example of such works is ‘TV Garden’. In this work, about 30 sets of televisions are placed on their backs, sides and upside down on the floor in the midst of a large number of tropical plants. TV sets seem like exotic electronic flora in a lush garden of sight and sound. Colour, rather than scent, pulsates through the petals of these unnatural flowers as Global Groove is played on the screens. Global Grooves consists of a series of images created in 1973 using a video synthesiser that Paik invented with Suya Abe, a Japanese engineer. The synthesiser enabled Paik to mix, polarise, layer, colour and distort images from several video and TV sources to create dazzling arrays of colour and sound. ________________ (NJC Prelims 2009) 1. Family of Robot, Mother and Father by Nam June Paik, 1986 Single channel video sculpture with vintage television and radio casings and monitors 203 x 156 x 53 cm, 226 x 139 x 52 cm 1. How has the artist used the materials to make this art work? (10) Family of Robot is a group of sculptures created using vintage televisions. These sculptures are personified and the title implies that the sculptures shared family ties like humans do. The series of work consists of three-generations of family members, and ‘Mother and Father’ is part of the set. In each sculpture, Paik removed the electronic equipment from antique televisions and replaced it with new television hardware activated by one or more video cassette players. .ud6dafa70d7d8e74ec8a609a7c8bca609 , .ud6dafa70d7d8e74ec8a609a7c8bca609 .postImageUrl , .ud6dafa70d7d8e74ec8a609a7c8bca609 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud6dafa70d7d8e74ec8a609a7c8bca609 , .ud6dafa70d7d8e74ec8a609a7c8bca609:hover , .ud6dafa70d7d8e74ec8a609a7c8bca609:visited , .ud6dafa70d7d8e74ec8a609a7c8bca609:active { border:0!important; } .ud6dafa70d7d8e74ec8a609a7c8bca609 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud6dafa70d7d8e74ec8a609a7c8bca609 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud6dafa70d7d8e74ec8a609a7c8bca609:active , .ud6dafa70d7d8e74ec8a609a7c8bca609:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud6dafa70d7d8e74ec8a609a7c8bca609 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud6dafa70d7d8e74ec8a609a7c8bca609 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud6dafa70d7d8e74ec8a609a7c8bca609 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud6dafa70d7d8e74ec8a609a7c8bca609 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud6dafa70d7d8e74ec8a609a7c8bca609:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud6dafa70d7d8e74ec8a609a7c8bca609 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud6dafa70d7d8e74ec8a609a7c8bca609 .ud6dafa70d7d8e74ec8a609a7c8bca609-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud6dafa70d7d8e74ec8a609a7c8bca609:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Australian and American female nurses in the armed EssayNew video tapes which are created by the state-of-the-art technology are produced by Paik for the family of robot. The images that appear in the male and female figures are drawn from the worldwide diversity of man’s cultural and ethnic families. The type of television selected is indicative of the generation of the family member, and depicted the characteristic of the generation. Mother and Father, has bodies made of the 1940s television sets, and heads made of television of the late 1950s. Evidently, their thinking is focused on the future. The series of work, seen in its entirety, show contrast in each generation as well as the interposition of the tradition and the modern, the eastern and western style. 1. What are the ideas on technology addressed by the artist? (10) 1. Assess the way that a Singaporean artist uses alternative materials and techniques in his or her works. (10) Tang Da Wu stands as a pivotal figure in the development of performance art in Singapore. He explores alternative ways of projecting pressing concerns regarding the environment within specific social or ethnic contexts. His major series include Horn Reconstructed from Rhino Drink and Tiger Whip, which comments on the near-extinction of these animals due to the consumption of animal parts following Chinese traditional beliefs. In the performance ‘They Poach the Rhino, Chop off his Horn and Make this Drink’,a paper-mache rhinoceros lies on the stage, surrounded by a winding spiral of bottles of Chinese herbal medicine (kanpo-yaku). Clad in a white costume, Tang Da Wu sets a white board outside the spiral of kanpo-yaku bottles, and writes a message for the audience to see. This performance is a requiem to the rhinoceroses who have been brought to the brink of extinction by being shot heedlessly for the use of their horns in herbal medicines. This work focuses on the rhinoceros, which has been driven to the brink of extinction by poaching and indiscriminate killing. Rhinoceros horn is used in Chinese traditional medicine for its antipyretic (quelling fevers) and other properties, so by using antipyretic medicine bottles with an image of rhinoceros as the trademark horn, Tang symbolically reverses the process, creating a horn out of the medicine bottles. The medicinal bottles is intentionally arranged to take the shape of a horn which serves as a reminder of the killing of rhinoceros to attain the medicinal drink. Through of the careful selection of material and the manipulation of form, Tang prompts the viewers to reconsider the context inherent in the object. Through the dynamic positioning of the found object, the viewers are thereby able to make immediate connection to the underlying concept of the work. This work illustrates the whole idea of consumerism due to blind adherence to Chinese traditional beliefs and how it leads to the endangerment of the certain animal. He also questions how human would rather want medical benefits which are not even scientifically proven, than the protection of endangered animals. The process of re-constructing a horn from recycled medicine bottles could be seen as the artist’s urge for recycling efforts and the conservation of resources, which he may see as a mean of reversing the damages done to the environment.

Definition of Stump Speech

Definition of Stump Speech Stump speech is a term used today to describe a candidates standard speech, delivered day after day during a typical political campaign. But in the 19th century, the phrase held a much more colorful meaning. The  phrase became firmly established in the early decades of the 1800s, and stump speeches got their name for a good reason: they would often be delivered by candidates who literally stood atop a tree stump. Stump speeches caught on along the American frontier, and there are numerous examples where politicians were said to be stumping for themselves or for other candidates. A reference book in the 1840s defined the terms to stump and stump speech. And by the 1850s newspaper articles from around the United States often referred to a candidate taking to the stump. The ability to give an effective stump speech was considered an essential political skill. And notable 19th-century politicians, including Henry Clay, Abraham Lincoln, and Stephen Douglas, were respected for their skills as stump speakers. Vintage Definition of Stump Speech The tradition of stump speeches became so well-established that A Dictionary of Americanisms, a reference book published in 1848, defined the term To stump: To Stump. To stump it or take the stump. A phrase signifying to make electioneering speeches. The 1848 dictionary also mentioned to stump it was a phrase borrowed from the backwoods, as it referred to speaking from atop a tree stump. The idea of linking stump speeches to the backwoods seems obvious, as the use of a tree stump as an improvised stage would naturally refer to a location where land was still being cleared. And the idea that stump speeches were essentially a rural event led to candidates in cities sometimes using the term in a mocking manner. The Style of 19th Century Stump Speeches Refined politicians in the cities may have looked down on stump speeches. But out in the countryside, and especially along the frontier, stump speeches appreciated for their rough and rustic character. They were free-wheeling performances that were different in content and tone from the more polite and sophisticated political discourse heard in the cities. At times the speech-making would be an all-day affair, complete with food and barrels of beer. The rollicking stump speeches of the early 1800s would typically contain boasts, jokes, or insults directed at opponents. A Dictionary of Americanisms quoted a memoir of the frontier published in 1843: Some very good stump speeches are delivered from a table, a chair, a whiskey barrel, and the like. Sometimes we make the best stump speeches on horseback. John Reynolds, who served as governor of Illinois in the 1830s, wrote a memoir in which he fondly recalled giving stump speeches in the late 1820s. Reynolds described the political ritual: Addresses known as stump-speeches received their name, and much of their celebrity, in Kentucky, where that mode of electioneering was carried to great perfection by the great orators of that state. A large tree is cut down in the forest, so that the shade may be enjoyed, and the stump is cut smooth on the top for the speaker to stand on. Sometimes, I have seen steps cut in them for the convenience of mounting them. Sometimes seats are prepared, but more frequently the audience enjoys the luxury of the green grass to sit and lie on. A book on the Lincoln-Douglas Debates published nearly a century ago recalled the heyday of stump speaking on the frontier, and how it was viewed as something of a sport, with opposing speakers engaging in spirited competition: A good stump speaker could always attract a crowd, and a wit combat between two speakers representing opposite parties was a real holiday of sport. It is true that the jokes and counterstrokes were often feeble attempts, and not very far removed from vulgarity; but the stronger the blows the better they were liked, and the more personal, the more enjoyable they were. Abraham Lincoln Possessed Skills as a Stump Speaker Before he faced Abraham Lincoln in the legendary 1858 contest for a U.S. Senate seat, Stephen Douglas expressed concern about Lincolns reputation. As Douglas put it: I shall have my hands full. He is the strong man of the party - full of wit, facts, dates - and the best stump speaker, with his droll ways and dry jokes, in the West. Lincolns reputation had been earned early. A classic story about Lincoln described an incident the occurred on the stump when he was 27 years old and still living in New Salem, Illinois. Riding into Springfield, Illinois, to give a stump speech on behalf of the Whig Party in the 1836 elections, Lincoln heard about a local politician, George Forquer, who had switched from Whig to Democrat. Forquer had been generously rewarded, as part of the Spoils System of the Jackson administration, with a lucrative government job. Forquer had built an impressive new house, the first house in Springfield to have a lightning rod. That afternoon Lincoln delivered his speech for the Whigs, and then Forquer stood to speak for the Democrats. He attacked Lincoln, making sarcastic remarks about Lincolns youth. Given the chance to respond, Lincoln said: I am not so young in years as I am in the tricks and trades of a politician. But, live long or die young, I would rather die now, than, like the gentleman, - at this point Lincoln pointed at Forquer - change my politics, and with the change receive an office worth three thousand dollars a year. And then feel obliged to erect a lightning rod over my house to protect a guilty conscience from an offended God. From that day forward Lincoln was respected as a devastating stump speaker.

Symbolic and Important

Symbolic and Important Symbolic and Important Symbolic and Important By Maeve Maddox A reader brought the following quotation from a statement by the United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) to my attention: Among the five stores was the Pico Rivera, California Walmart Supercenter, which has been [a] hotbed for worker action. The store is also of symbolic important to the low-wage worker movement I assumed that the adjective important must have been a simple typo for the noun importance, but when I looked for the construction on the Web, I found enough examples to conclude that some speakers may be using the combination â€Å"symbolic important† intentionally: But even outside consideration of annual cycles, four and twelve have great symbolic important.  - The Greathouse [Publishing] Company. Some places also have  symbolic important  for us, as cultural assets, symbolic referents.  - Healthy Living Centres, Geoffey Purves, Taylor Francis, 2007. This film is of highly  symbolic important  because its scenes and juxtapositions are abbreviated rather than carried toward their most logical extension.- The Men Inside, Barry N. Malzberg, Orion Publishing Group, 2011. The Symbolic Important  of Birds in the Quran: Implications for Science and  Technology. - Article title in IFE Journal of Religions, Vol. 6, No2, 2010. In some ways, Varner is right. Japanese defense planners have attached a symbolic important to certain US weapons. Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). Something can be both symbolic and important, but not â€Å"of symbolic important.† When someone describes an event or action as being â€Å"of symbolic importance,† the usual meaning is, â€Å"important, but of little practical effect.† Used to describe an object or a place, the phrase means â€Å"important emotionally.† For example: The nine-day visit of the U.S. president to China is only of symbolic importance, especially for the Chinese. No breakthrough is expected of the visit in tackling any of the problematic issues, although there are plenty of them.   The Royal Air Force will hold a service for personnel and families at Lincoln Cathedral, a place of great symbolic importance for the RAF. Another possibility does exist that might explain this strange use of the adjective important in place of the noun importance in the phrase â€Å"symbolic importance.† The error may arise from the use of voice transcription. For example, I found the error in the transcription of an interview on the National Public Radio site. Michel Martin is asking Sylvia Poggioli about an upcoming visit of Israeli and Palestinian leaders to the Vatican: MARTIN: What is the symbolic important of this? In the recorded interview, Martin clearly says â€Å"importance.† If you use the expression when dictating to a voice transcription app, be sure to double-check your spelling in the final draft. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Punctuate References to Dates and TimesConfusing "Passed" with "Past"10 Tips to Improve Your Writing Skills

Sartre and Lacombe Lucien Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sartre and Lacombe Lucien - Essay Example The film breaks through these preconceptions by presenting a main character who in the course of the film attempts to join the resistance, works for the Gestapo, and, nearly accidentally defects. The character is presented as simple man. In fact, the simplicity of his character could be considered allegorical for the undereducated front line solider of the war, men barely more than boys who might otherwise have been simple farmers or tradesmen. Like these soldiers, Lucien Lacombe takes on a life that he did not choose, but also one that he does not fight, as if swept up in powers beyond his control. In The Republic of Silence, Sartre comments of being faced with choices in the face of death that â€Å"the choice that each of us made of his life and of his being was an authentic choice†, implying that human strength of resolve in the face of adversity is a choice more true to one’s self and thus to humanity as well (Liebling and Sartre 498). In another work, Satre sugges ts the a person should â€Å"seek within [oneself] an authentic impulse to action† (Blunden et al. 1).

Assignment com 008 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Assignment com 008 - Essay Example Ironically, spearheading an organization or a group of workers at a lower rank does not necessarily mean one is knowledgeable of the smaller roles that are prerequisites in achieving success. A successful businessman may not attain financial independence if not for the people who are working for him. For instance, an owner of the restaurant hires cooks and waiters who understand the operation of the restaurants better than him. The man’s ability to hire the best people in his company who does the smaller jobs for him does not mean he knows exactly how to do them impeccably. Since these people have acquired such skills even without formal education, the society does not see cooks and waiters to be as intelligent as the owner of the company. Furthermore, employees who rely on their employers for their jobs do not gain as much financial freedom as their company owners. At the same time, team leaders, supervisors, and managers are oftentimes the only ones who earn more than mechan ics, waiters and the

Perceptions of Reproductive Health in Muslim Undergrads

Perceptions of Reproductive Health in Muslim Undergrads A MULTIDIMENSIONAL CONSTRUCT OF PERCEPTIONS ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AMONG MUSLIM UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS Abstract This study examines factors influencing undergraduate students who are all Muslims from one of the public universities in Malaysia. Data were obtained from a survey conducted among the undergraduate students (n=255). Principle Components Analysis (PCA) revealed four latent factors: the electronic and printed media, knowledge of circumcision, the Islamic values on sexuality and their prior knowledge of sexual act. Based on the views of the respondents on the roles played by curriculum, religion and media in disseminating knowledge on sex-related matters, recommendations are drawn to assist the relevant parties in coming up with comprehensive sexuality education for Muslim adolescents. Key words: sex/sexuality education, reproductive health, undergraduate student, Muslim, perceptions, Principle Component Analysis (PCA) Introduction Studies which have been carried out in Muslim societies on sexual and reproductive health are limited. Many young Muslims are emitted from the learning process to cater the cultural and religious restrictions (Cok, 2000; DeJong et al., 2007; Halstead, 1997; Nurazzura, 2007; Underwood, 2000). Very little is, therefore, known about the factors that influence the Muslim youths on sexual and reproductive health. Several studies in some Muslim countries reported that Muslim youth are not well prepared and educated in sexual and reproductive health due to some contributing factors. (Burazeri et al., 2003; GÃâ€"kengin et al., 2003; Mohammad Reza et al.,2006; Nik Suryani et al., 2007; Paruk et al., 2006). Cok (2000) described sex education in Turkey, as similar as many other Muslim countries in the world, as â€Å"there are no sexuality classes, no mention of sexuality in health courses or no sexuality textbook material in Turkish school. Other issues take priority and sexuality education is pushed aside as unimportant and irrelevant† (p.5). Moreover, he stated that Turkish Muslim adolescents are highly influenced by media especially form Europe and North America. In addition, the study on 2,227 first-and fourth -years students at Ege Univesity, GÃâ€"kengin et al. (2003) revealed that knowledge about sexual health and sexuality transmitted diseases is insufficient among their samples. In Albania, Burazeri et al. (2003) reported the mean age at first sexual intercourse 720 undergraduate students in Tirana was 17.9 for men and 18.8 years for woman. They also found positive associations of parental education and income level with sexual activity and consistent use of condoms among Albanian undergraduate students. Mohammad Reza et al. (2006) described the sex education in Iran that cultural sensitivities which may be a factor in young peoples poor knowledge about reproductive health. Furthermore, few programs provide sexuality education to adolescents or enable youth to ask questions and correct misconceptions about reproductive health. Indeed, large numbers of young Iranians lack information about safe sex and about the skills necessary to negotiate and adopt safe sex practices. In their study of 1,385 males aged 15-18 in Tehran about their beliefs and knowledge regarding reproductive health and their engaging in sexual activity, they found that there was a relatively high prevalence of sexual activity and the lack of knowledge regarding STIs and contraceptives pose a significant threat to the sexual and reproductive health of Iranian adolescent males. Hence, they requested programs to provide adolescents with the accurate information and skills to make safe sexual decisions. A study conducted by Nik Suryani et al. (2007) with undergraduate students (n=300) in Malaysia , discovered that, in general, students held a positive view toward sex and sex-related matters; however, their knowledge on sexuality education, sexual and reproductive health matters calls for attention from the relevant authorities. Findings on their sources of information on sexuality education also revealed that more could be done to help them obtain an accurate picture of sex-related matters particularly with the roles played by parents, school, religion and media in disseminating knowledge on sex-related matters. Paruk et al. (2006) presented finding on the influence of religiosity on attitude toward people with HIV/AIDS using 90 South African Muslim university students. They found that higher religiosity was significantly correlated with a more positive attitude to people with HIV. Ojo Bidemi (2008) conducted a study with 520 adolescent of Nigerian students on contemporary clothing habits and sexual behavior of adolescents in the South Western Nigeria. They found that there is no significant difference in the factors influencing adolescents dressing habits and also the fact that there is relationship between clothing habits and their sexual behavior. In Pakistan, Qidwai (2000) surveyed perception among 188 Pakistani young men, who presented to family physicians, at the outpatient department of the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, about enjoyment of sexual experiences in women. He found a high prevalence of misconceptions about female sexuality among Pakistani young men. Furthermore, Hennink, Rana, Iqbal (2005) studied on knowledge of personal and sexual development amongst young people in Pakistan. They found that young women typically gain information from a limited number of sources while young men accessed a wide variety of information sources outside the home. From studies done in various Muslim countries, however, there is not enough information on factors influencing the basic sexual and reproductive health among Muslim undergraduate student as well as in other developing countries (Singh, Bankole Woog, 2005). Intervention studies are largely absent. There is a need therefore to determine factors associated with Muslims sexual perception to develop a clear understanding in student variables, the results of which may contribute to help students on their knowledge and behavior regarding to sexual and reproductive health and it will help determine best bets for programs for sex education for Muslim youths. The purpose of this study was to survey Muslim undergraduate students perceptions in sexual and reproductive health, and in doing so, to clarify the meaning of the construct itself. Thus, the study addressed the following research questions: What are the factors influencing Muslim undergraduate students perceptions towards sexual and reproductive health? This study is based on the crossed different populations and geographic regions influencing factor adolescent on sexual and reproductive health studied by Manlove et al. (2001). They pointed out that there are multiple domains in an adolescents life associated with reproductive health outcomes. By grounded on the ecological approach, individual factor, family factor, peers, partners, school context, neighborhood, community, and social policy characteristics are all associated with sexual behaviors, adolescent pregnancy, and STI. However, this study only looked at certain dimensions which comprised (1) individual factor (religiosity, knowledge of reproductive health and attitudes and belief about sex); (2) school context (curriculum); and, (3) media. The authors, therefore, hypothesized that there are four influencing factors of undergraduate Muslim students perception on sexual and reproductive health: (1) school and tertiary curriculum support, (2) Islamic values on sexuality, (3) electronic and printed media, and (4) students prior knowledge on sexual and reproduction health. Significance of Study Results of this study are pictured to provide empirical data on factors influencing perception on sexual and reproductive health among Muslim undergraduate students that have not been fully studied. Thus, the results of this study are expected to help in the understanding of students perception towards sexual and reproductive health and sex education which is promoted by several factors. The findings are beneficial to understand and determine the success or failure of factors influence and the implementation of sex education in Islamic higher learning institute as perceived by students. Such information can help to improve the strategy in order to accomplish the sex education particularly for Muslim youths. Method Research design In this study, the survey method was employed. A questionnaire was selected from Nik Suryani et al. (2007) measured these relationships. It consisted of two parts. The questionnaires were distributed randomly to a sample of undergraduate in the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Population and sample The population is the undergraduate students in IIUM, Gombak campus, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. All were Malaysians. A random sampling was used to select participants. The principle component analysis (PCA) was conducted where the number of sample depends on the items of the questionnaire. Since the number of the item is 40, the minimum sample size is 40 x 5 = 200 participants. In this study, the participants were 255 which were more than the minimum requirement (Hair et al., 2006). Data Collection To distribute the questionnaires, researchers sought help from three students which researchers have known. The questionnaire has an attached covering letter that assures the confidentially of data collected and describes the major components of questionnaires to be completed. Students were given one week to complete the questionnaires and had to return them to the assigned persons within the time allocated. The usable returned response rate was 72.9 % (n=255) out of 350 students. The data collected was operated on January 2008. Validity and Reliability To establish the face and construct validity of the instrument, the opinions of two experts in education were sought on the design and items used for the various dimension. The instrument was pilot tested on 30 students that was not on the list of the selected students. Based on the pilot test, 50 items from Nik Suryani et al. (2007) was tested and a few items were omitted in order to refine the instrument further. Finally, 40 items were confirmed with a reliability of Alpha Cronbach = .72. Instrumentation The survey instrument was adopted from a core questionnaire developed by Nik Suryani et al. (2007). The questionnaire comprised 40 questions divided into two sections: social and demographic variables and students views and knowledge on a wide range of topics on sex and attitudes towards sex. It sought to find out students perceptions on: (1) school and tertiary curriculum (5 items; no.1-5); (2) Islamic values on sexuality (6 items; no.6-11); (3) electronic and printed media (4 items; no.12-15): (4) sexual novel (4 items; no.16-19): (5) their prior knowledge of sexual and reproductive health 5.1 protected sex (6items; no.20-25): 5.2 sexual act (9 items; no.26-34): 5.3 circumcisions (9 items; no.35-40). The response to each item is in the form of a five-point Likert scale of â€Å"strongly disagree, â€Å"disagree†, â€Å"undecided†, â€Å"agree†, and â€Å"strongly agree†. The demographic characteristic of the first section of the questionnaire contains questions with regard to the respondents background information (gender, age, country of origin, former school and location, faculty, year of study, CGPA, and marital status). Data analysis For the demographic data, frequency and percentage were employed. To answer the research question on factors influencing students perceptions of sexual and reproductive health, principle component analysis was utilized. An explanatory factor analysis was conducted to construct-validate the factor influencing students perception. To find out the number of factors the following rules were used: (1) the Kaisers rule of 1.0 as the minimum eigenvalues, (2) the scree test and (3) the interpretability of the solutions. The degree of intercorrelation among items justified the application of the factor analysis as well as the Batletts test of sphericity recorded a Chi square value. Results Table 1 shows out of 255 students, 152 (59.6%) were females and 101 (39.6%) were males. A majority of the students (91.4%) were between 20 and 25 years of age, the remaining being distributed between the age group of younger than 20 (7.4%) and older than 25 (1.2%). Approximately, 239 (93.7%) of the respondents were Malaysians while 16 (6.3%) were international students. Most of students (37.2%) graduated from urban day school, followed by religious school (27.1%), boarding school (16.5%), rural day school (9.0%), private school (5.9%), and others (1.9%). The respondents were represented from different faculty with nearly half (42.4%) being law students (AIKOL). The other half was distributed between Human Sciences (24.3%), KENMS (11.8%), ENGINEERING (7.1%), KAED (5.5%), INSTED (3.9%), KICT (2.7%), and IRK (2.4%) respectively. Majority of students were second year student (32.5%), the remaining being almost distributed between the final year (29.8%), the first year (21.2%), and the third year (16.5%). In general, almost more than half of the students (49.4%) had CGPA more than 3.0, while the rest (28.7%) had less than 3.0. Almost 95.7% students were single which 131 (53.7%) were not attached to someone and 110 (45.1%) were having attached to someone, only 11 (4.3%) students were married. Table 1 Respondents Demographic Background Variables N Percent 1. Gender: Male 101 39.6 Female 152 59.6 Missing Value 2 0.8 2.Age 19 7.4 20-25 233 91.4 >25 3 1.2 3.Country of Origin Malaysian (local student) 239 93.7 Non-Malaysian (international student) 16 6.3 4. Former School and Location Urban Day School 95 37.2 Rural Day School 23 9.0 Boarding School 42 16.5 Religious School 69 27.1 Private School 15 5.9 Others 6 2.4 Missing values 5 1.9 5. Faculty Information and Communication Technology (KICT) 7 2.7 Engineering 18 7.1 Laws (AIKOL) 108 42.4 Human Sciences (HS) 62 24.3 Islamic Revealed Knowledge (IRK) 6 2.3 Institute of Education (INSTEAD) 10 3.9 Economics and Management Sciences (KENMS) 30 11.8 Architecture and Environmental Design ( KAED) 14 5.5 6. Year of study 1st year 54 21.2 2nd year 83 32.5 3rd year 42 16.5 4th year 76 29.8 5. CGPA 1 0.4 2.00-2.49 11 4.4 2.50-2.99 61 23.9 3.00-3.49 102 40 >3.50 24 9.4 Missing Value 56 21.9 6. Marital status Single 244 95.7 Single and have attached to someone 110 45.1 Single and have not attached to someone 131 53.7 Missing Value 3 1.2 Married 11 4.3 n = 255 Perceptions toward Sexual and Reproductive Health Table 2 summarizes the results of the descriptive analysis of the students perceptions on sexual and reproductive health. The data showed that the mean scores ranged between 1.83 (items PRO23) and 4.57 (items REL10); the standard deviations ranged from .66 (items SEX34) to 1.18 (items PRO23). The mean scores were located within the expected range (none of the items are included a mean score of zero, at 95 % level of confidence, with a reliability of Alpha Cronbach = .72). The data showed that the dispersion of the scores for each item sufficiently discriminated the students perceptions. In addition, the degree of bivariate correlation among most of the 40 items matric variables ranged from low to high. However six of them (items EDU1, EDU2, PRO24, SEX28, SEX31, and CIR39) were found to link weakly and negatively with the rest of the items. Table 2 Mean (Standard Deviation) and Item-Total Correlations of Students Perceptions on Sexual and Reproductive Health Items Code M SD r 1. The content of information on sexual related matters taught at school is sufficient. EDU1 2.95 1.157 .081 2. Courses like Family Management and Parenting at undergraduate level should openly discuss sexual and reproductive health matters. EDU2 4.11 .876 .023 3. Sexual education should be taught as subject of its own at secondary schools. EDU3 3.28 1.176 .227 4. Sexual education should be taught as a separate subject at the tertiary level. EDU4 3.60 1.043 .195 5. Sexual education should be taught in pre-marital courses. EDU5 4.38 .686 .176 6. Quran provides me with information on sexuality in a decent manner. REL6 4.38 .789 .239 7. My religious knowledge provides basis for me to develop the conscience not to engage in premarital sex REL7 4.52 .728 .192 8. Religion helps me suppress my sexual desire. REL8 4.26 .847 .237 9. Fasting is one of the best ways to keep my sexual desire under control. REL9 4.31 .910 .327 10. Watching pornography is forbidden in Islam. REL10 4.57 .767 .303 11. The only way to eliminate illicit sex is by implementing the Syariah Law. REL11 4.19 .922 .389 12. Electronic media portrays negative perception of sexuality. MED12 3.70 1.079 .339 13. Printed media portrays negative perception of sexuality. MED13 3.65 1.075 .372 14. Electronic media leads young people to embark on pre-marital sexual relationship. MED14 4.10 .927 .357 15. Printed media leads young people to embark on pre-marital sexual relationship. MED15 3.94 .987 .412 16. Reading sexy novels leads people to having pre-marital sex. NOV16 3.42 1.036 .354 17. Novels are most descriptive about sexual intercourses than other sources. NOV17 2.98 1.072 .350 18. Novels with sexual descriptions increase my desire to masturbate. NOV18 2.69 1.107 .324 19. Novels with sexual descriptions increase my sexual fantasies. NOV19 2.95 1.093 .268 20. There is fertility problem if pregnancy does not occur in the first year of marriage. PRO20 2.52 .972 .218 21. Unprotected sexual intercourse will guarantee pregnancy. PRO21 3.32 1.175 .339 22. Protected intercourse guarantee pregnancy wont occur. PRO22 2.70 1.085 .235 23. Kissing and touching can lead to pregnancy. PRO23 1.83 1.177 .153 24. The use of contraceptives or protected sex ensures safety from sexually related diseases. PRO24 3.41 .996 .069 25. Islam forbids the use of contraceptives. PRO25 2.87 1.010 .169 26. Preservation of virginity is most important for both men and women before getting married. SEX26 4.53 .781 .125 27. Sex is painful for first timers. SEX27 3.44 .933 .100 28. Sex is painful for women. SEX28 3.22 .886 .069 29. Sex is pleasurable to both men and women. SEX29 4.04 .853 .162 30. Only matured people enjoy sexual relationship. SEX30 2.88 1.088 .100 31. Sexual relationship is for young people only. SEX31 1.91 .909 -.057 32. Good Communication between spouses ensures satisfying sexual relationship. SEX32 4.32 .839 .100 33. Knowledge about sex is a pre requisite for enjoying sex. SEX33 4.05 .876 .246 34. Understanding between each others needs help improve sexual satisfaction. SEX34 4.39 .660 .168 35. Circumcision is mainly for health reasons. CIR35 3.93 1.090 .192 36. Circumcision is for cultural reasons. CIR36 2.43 1.033 .189 37. Circumcision for women reduces sexual satisfaction. CIR37 2.89 .935 .116 38. Circumcision for women represses their sexual desires. CIR38 2.96 .856 .235 39. Circumcision for men reduces sexual satisfaction. CIR39 2.59 .977 .076 40. Circumcision for men represses their sexual desires. CIR40 2.92 .969 .105 The Underlying Dimensions of Students Perceptions To identify the factors that influence undergraduate Muslim students response toward sexual and reproductive health, the data collected from the sample of 255 respondents were subjected to principal component analysis. Nevertheless, the present analysis used only the responses on the 34 of the 40 items (Table 3). Based on the results of item analysis as described in the preceding section, 6 of the items (items EDU1, EDU2, PRO24, SEX28, SEX31, and CIR39) were excluded because they were behaving poorly in the item-total correlation. Table 3 summarizes the correlations among the 34 items supported the use of principal component analysis. Specifically, the Bartlett Sphericity Test yielded statistically significant intercorrelation c2 (561) = 2525.854, p = .001 with an overall MSA of .65, which exceeded the value of .60. Thus, the data matrix has sufficient correlation to justify the use of the exploratory factor analysis. The principal component analysis yielded a seven -factor dimension structure, accounting for 60.69% of the variance. This indicates that four underlying dimensions explain more than 60% of the variance among the 34 variables. The eigenvalues, ranging from 1.616 to 3.0622 (which is greater than 1 as required), satisfied the standards of important factors as prescribed by Hair, Jr. et al. (2006). Table 3 Correlation Matrix and Descriptive Statistic EDU3 EDU4 EDU5 REL6 REL7 REL8 REL9 REL10 REL11 MED12 MED13 MED14 MED15 NOV16 NOV17 NOV18 NOV19 PRO20 PRO21 PRO22 PRO23 PRO25 SEX26 SEX27 SEX29 SEX30 SEX32 SEX33 SEX34 CIR35 CIR36 CIR37 CIR38 CIR40 EDU3 .548 EDU4 -.284 .557 EDU5 -.134 -.128 .747 REL6 .051 -.046 -.085 .769 REL7 -.021 .017 -.107 -.385 .735 REL8 .061 -.006 .027 -.125 -.233 .724 REL9 -.052 .028 -.011 -.130 -.104 -.210 .771 REL10 .015 -.084 -.110 -.084 -.023 -.234 -.002 .742 REL11 .007 .040 -.099 .027 -.140 .031 -.194 -.153 .782 MED12 .062 .071 .045 -.034 .068 .107 -.062 -.183 -.005 .669 MED13 -.162 -.074 .029 -.025 -.014 -.082 .046 .100 -.202 -.784 .666 MED14 .046 .052 -.088 .045 -.021 .080 .110 -.118 .071 .005 -.172 .664 MED15 -.032 -.025 .017 .003 .001 -.124 -.044 .120 -.113 -.074 .052 -.763 .688 NOV16 .162 -.022 .047 -.145 .047 .001 -.010 -.069 -.191 .020 .072 -.138 -.034 .757 NOV17 -.020 -.056 .094 .046 .028 .017 -.174 .000 .125 .028 -.029 .045 -.141 -.328 .713 NOV18 -.034 .113 -.078 -.017 -.081 .124 -.030 -.024 .209 -.019 -.076 .141 -.089 -.188 -.191 .591 NOV19 .085 -.105 -.101 .183 -.018 -.168 .126 .040 -.053 -.004 -.012 -.011 .013 -.001 -.047 -.663 .588 PRO20 -.106 .172 .097 -.095 .194 -.099 .024 -.007 -.015 -.018 -.118 -.040 .033 -.075 .118 .036 -.051 .630 PRO21 .032 -.077 -.059 .056 -.056 .056 -.098 .072 -.002 .006 -.031 .051 -.044 -.124 .065 -.090 .049 -.093 .610 PRO22 -.055 -.041 .006 -.023 -.001 .022 -.140 .004 -.097 -.053 .109 .067 -.031 .108 -.111 -.081 .059 -.147 -.290 .485 PRO23 -.120 .028 .054 -.017 .112 -.070 .003 .149 -.198 -.060 .040 -.141 .111 .042 -.050 -.087 .012 .010 -.045 -.196 .619 PRO25 .088 -.126 .092 -.052 .056 .126 -.134 -.206 .005 .114 -.030 -.028 -.017 -.015 .002 .025 -.096 -.120 -.169 .099 -.126 .490 SEX26 .004 -.041 .071 -.092 -.141 .034 -.010 -.063 -.056 -.031 .023 -.049 .067 .080 -.175 .047 .036 -.006 -.204 .086 .101 .057 .671 SEX27 .079 .083 -.093 .080 -.078 -.056 .098 .135 -.107 .051 -.024 -.100 .015 .098 .074 -.135 .085 .026 .196 -.244 .092 -.128 -.197 .319 SEX29 -.085 -.058 -.089 -.088 .013 -.091 .011 -.055 .033 -.086 .153 .029 -.007 .048 -.105 .135 -.199 -.211 -.196 .120 .069 .111 .114 -.195 .572 SEX30 -.023 .064 -.009 -.090 .118 .029 -.161 -.055 .048 -.006 .000 -.110 .075 -.117 -.027 .114 -.097 -.009 .011 -.001 .036 .092 .101 -.143 .147 .536 SEX32 -.243 .095 .094 -.039 .066 -.068 -.006 .074 -.018 -.148 .127 -.028 .018 .047 -.001 -.043 -.004 .231 -.038 .114 .041 -.106 -.040 -.103 -.054 .089 .640 SEX33 -.023 .060 .014 .163 -.195 .084 -.110 -.149 .058 .090 -.043 .062 -.055 -.124 -.088 .088 -.092 -.192 .057 .133 -.119 .097 -.036 -.040 .056 -.046 -.193 .570 SEX34 .127 -.132 -.039 -.139 .173 -.044 .020 .067 -.049 .105 -.085 -.076 .025 .064 .193 -.167 .075 .158 .006 -.155 .072 .032 -.058 .123 -.256 -.054 -.333 -.463 .555 CIR35 -.103 .093 .052 -.006 .018 .025 -.115 -.101 -.075 -.026 .058 -.053 .056 .011 -.026 -.020 -.012 .065 -.052 .054 .038 -.065 -.104 -.074 .019 .018 .053 .128 -.237 .600 CIR36 .003 -.139 .060 -.085 .159 -.147 .181 .069 -.084 .015 .045 -.014 .021 .025 -.197 -.173 .174 -.052 -.137 .084 .010 -.068 .108 -.114 .020 -.026 .032 -.170 .133 -.113 .613 CIR37 -.145 .013 .021 .044 -.011 .168 -.081 .037 .072 -.034 .015 -.086 .068 -.157 .067 .104 -.121 .003 .126

The Iroquois Confederacy to Six Nations

Northern Kentucky University The Iroquois Confederacy to Six Nations Thesis: Examine how the Seneca, Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, and Cayuga, and the 1722 addition of the Tuscarora, resulted in the Iroquois Confederacy or Six Nations and their influence on the creation of the Constitution. Nicole Cushingberry Cultural Anthropology Michael Striker December 16, 2011 Nicole Cushingberry Instructor: Michael Striker Anthropology 100 The Iroquois: Confederacy to Six NationsThe Iroquois Confederacy, also known as Five Nations or Six Nations after the 1720 inclusion of the Tuscarora, was a collective of tribes that occupied the upper region of New York state around Lake Ontario, Pennsylvania, and Southern Ontario and Quebec. The term Iroquois is an English deviation from a French deviation of an offensive Algonkian (group of Native American Indian languages used from South Carolina to Labrador, Canada and west to the Great Plains) term for â€Å"real snakes†.Originally, the members of th e confederacy described themselves as Kanonsionni (compound word – kanonsa meaning â€Å"house† and â€Å"ionni† meaning extended) or â€Å"people of the longhouse† whereas today the term Haudenosaunee is used which translates to â€Å"people building an extended house†. The literal meaning of these terms describes the housing arrangement of the Iroquois – a dwelling typically 60 feet long (as large as 300 feet long) constructed of young, bendable trees, covered with bark.Historically and by native traditions, Dekanawidah, a Huron tribe member and shaman, is credited with creating the Great Law of the Iroquois Confederacy, also known as The Great Law of Peace, between the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The Great Law of the Iroquois was communicated orally, believed to be one of the earliest collections of governing principles equivalent to the constitution, and was utilized as a justice system to be applied to tribe members by their chie fs.Chief Hiawatha, an Onondaga living amongst a Mohawk tribe and an equivalent to a modern day politician, was persuaded by Dekanawidah to teach The Great Law of the Iroquois in hopes of eliminating the ongoing conflicts between the tribes resulting in the raiding of villages to obtain captives, retaliation, and murder. Dekanawidah also hoped that by uniting the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca, they would be able to defend themselves against European invasion. Tribal SocietySeveral tribes of the Northeast region spoke the Iroquois language but not all of them were members of the confederacy (at left, map shows the tribes and regions in New York State; the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy is shown in red). The Five Nations, was formed when the Cayuga, Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, and Seneca agreed to abide by the principles of The Great Law of the Iroquois Confederacy; Six Nations was created when the Tuscaroa, a tribe from North Carolina, Requested admittance into the confederacy to gain protection from European colonization oreover, enslavement. The Six Nations of the confederacy is comprised of clan groups of matrilineal descent, with members being part of the mother’s family (all members of each clan were related to other clans via the mothers) automatically at birth and will remain as such for their lifetime. Family kinship was determined by bifurcate merging, with unilineal descent. The Iroquois were matrilocal; when a man was selected as being worthy to join their longhouse as a husband by the elder women, after marriage, the couple resided in the longhouse of woman’s birth.Though women were in the position of power commonly held by men, they did not dominate the society. The most senior woman lead her clan and was charged with the naming of children, working her advisors to elect a chief to represent the clan and remove him if he did not meet his obligations, food production and distribution, making clothing, participating in medicinal groups, and as a pastime, took part in gambling. Men were responsible for hunting, managing military tasks, fighting in wars, and acting as a representative, if selected, of his longhouse.The Iroquois mode of subsistence was agriculturally based society, which their staple crops being corn, squash, and beans. Their diet was enhanced by gathering fruit, roots, and nuts some of which was often dried for later use. During hunting season, the men trapped squirrels, rabbits, beaver and hunted bears and deer. They traded goods such as pipes, beaded clothing, furs, and food items. Religion consisted in devotion to â€Å"The Great Spirit†, creator of the world. All things in the Iroquois existence were taken care of by the spirits of the trees, plants, wind, rain, and other aspects of nature.They believed that a world of supernatural powers existed, with both good and evil entities and felt these spirits could alter the course of their lives. The religious specialists of t he Iroquois were known as the â€Å"Keepers of the Faith† and were male or female and held the position part-time. The keepers were selected by the elders and were tasked with arranging and conducting religious ceremonies, such as funerals or fighting illness and disease. Constitutional Influence The main authors of the Constitution of the United States, Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson, were highly influence and inspired by the principles of the Six Nations.Iroquois chiefs were invited to the Continental Congress Hall where on June 11, 1776, the focus of discussion was on the topic of independence. The chiefs presented a speech that detailed an on-going friendship between the Iroquois and the new Americans, and this relationship would only continue if both groups acted â€Å"as one people, and have one heart†. There are many similarities between the constitution and the principles of the Iroquois. Researchers Vine Deloraia, Bruce Johnson, and Donald Grind have f ound that the very foundation of both sets of principles mirror each ther (Johansen 1998:79): life, liberty, and happiness (Declaration of Independence); government by reason and consent rather than coercion (Albany Plan and Articles of Confederation); religious tolerance (and ultimately religious acceptance) instead of a state church; checks and balances; federalism (U. S. Constitution); and relative equality of property, equal rights before the law, and the thorny problem of creating a government that can rule equitably across a broad geographic expanse (Bill of Rights of the United States Constitution). Native America had a substantial role in shaping all of these ideas. Payne 1996:607, quoting Grinde and Johansen, Exemplars of Liberty, xx) Further, Johansen found that Franklin was using quotes from the Onondaga and advising Americans in their ill feeling towards England: Our wise ancestors established union and amity between the five nations. This has made us formidable. This ha s given us great weight and authority with our neighboring nations. We are a powerful Confederacy, and by your observing the same methods our wise ancestors have taken you will acquire much strength and power; therefore, whatever befalls you, do not fall out with one another. Johansen 1998:8) In closing, to think that the Constitution of the United States is based upon the life principles of a group of people once thought to be savages, is both a revelation and a disappointment. It is truly amazing that some many people with a common language can come together as one group for the benefits of all – socially, economically, and for the protection against a common enemy. The people of the Six Nations lived lives based on survival rather than greed by our current day definition.However, what I find disappointing and disheartening, is the fact that we as Americans came to this country to escape oppression from the crown. Yet upon arrival in this new land, we turn and do the simila r oppressive acts to the Native Americans. We called them savages and treated them as if they occupied a status lower than animals, yet we base the very document that makes use Americans on their life principles. A statement by issued during a discussion at Albany Franklin summarizes my point of view: â€Å"It would be a strange thing†¦ f Six Nations of ignorant savages should be capable of forming such a union and be able to execute it in such a manner that it has subsisted ages and appears indissoluble, and yet that a like union should be impractical for ten or a dozen English colonies, to whom it is more necessary and must be more advantageous, and who cannot be supposed to want an equal understanding of their interest. † Works Cited Daly, Janet. â€Å"Iroquois constitution united states. † IPOAA Magazine. Social Science Journal, n. d. Web. 19 Nov. 2011. . Hale, Horatio. â€Å"Iroquois Book of Rites Index. Internet Sacred Text Archive Home. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Dec. 2011. . â€Å"Iroquois Confederacy (American Indian confederation) — Britannica Online Encyclopedia. † Encyclopedia – Britannica Online Encyclopedia. N. p. , n. d. Web. 19 Nov. 2011. . Kahionhes Fadden, John. â€Å"Chp 8: A New Chapter, Images of native America in the writings of Franklin, Jefferson, and Paine, â€Å"Exemplar Of Liberty†. † rat haus reality, ratical branch. N. p. , n. d. Web. 14 Dec. 2011. . Malinowski, Sharon, Anna J. Sheets, and Linda Schmittroth. UA†¢XA†¢L encyclopedia of Native American tribes.Detroit: UA†¢XA†¢L, 1999. Print. Myers, Merlin G.. Households and families of the Longhouse Iroquois at Six Nations Reserve. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press in cooperation with the American Indian Studies Research Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, 2006. Print. â€Å"New York Indian Tribes and Languages. † Native American Language Net: Preserving and promoting indigenous American Indian la nguages. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Dec. 2011. . â€Å"Understanding Haudenosaunee Culture-1. † Syracuse Peace Council. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Dec. 2011. .

An Offender Reentry Plan Will Keep the Citizens of Hawaii...

The State of Hawaii utilizes the Hawaii Department of Public Safety to ensure public safety and security while living and working on the island paradise. It consists of three divisions the administration, corrections and law enforcement. The department receives an annual budget of 225 million dollars. The corrections division under the Department of Public Safety plays a key role in overseeing the management of jails and prisons. Part of its role is to fulfill its mission of implementing a successful offender reentry program for all incarcerated offenders. This mission is mandated by the Hawaii State Senate Bill 932, Act 8 (Nakaso Kayton, 2007). The approval of this legislature was made in order to alleviate the problem of recidivism and†¦show more content†¦Prison offenders are defined as those incarcerated for more than 12 months. Jail offenders are defined as those incarcerated for less than12 months. The difference of reentry strategies provided for with these incarcera ted individuals indicates that these are unwise releases that pose as a threat to the safety and security of the communities of Hawaii (Nakaso Kayton, 2007). The difficulty of implementing a successful reentry strategy is not only a dilemma for the state of Hawaii but also a national dilemma. Every year it estimated that 650 offenders are released from state and federal prisons nationally and more than a million are released from local jails (BOJS, 2009). At present in the State of Hawaii, there are over 19,000 offenders on probation. On any given day, thousands of these probationers are facing possible revocation and re-sentencing to jail and/or prison terms. If only 5% of the probation population were re-sentenced to jail and/or prison, that would equate to an increase of at least 950 offenders being sent to Hawaii jails and prisons (PSD). Additionally, there are over 1,900 convicted felons on parole statewide. On any given day, the Hawaii Paroling Authority has an average of 180 to 220 outstanding active warrants to retake parolees that poses an undue risk to the publics safety (HPA). More than 50% of those released will be incarcerat ed again for parole violationsShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesDEVELOPMENT Socializing, Orienting, and Developing Employees 182 Managing Careers 208 PART 5 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 MAINTAINING HIGH PERFORMANCE Establishing the Performance Management System 230 Establishing Rewards and Pay Plans 260 Employee Benefits 286 Ensuring a Safe and Healthy Work Environment 312 PART 6 Chapter 14 LABOR–MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTS Understanding Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining 340 Endnotes 367 Glossary 389 Company Index 395 Subject Index

Comparing The Iliad and The Bible Essay - 2167 Words

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The figures in Homer’s epic poem, the Iliad, partakeRead MoreComparing The Epic The Iliad Against The Bible s First Book Genesis Essay1877 Words   |  8 PagesUpon initial consideration, comparing similarities in the Homeric epic The Iliad against the Bible’s first book Genesis would seem outlandish. The comparisons between the two tales may not be abundantly clear. The parables of the Bible serve as religious cornerstones for society, while Greek tragedies serve as the moral lessons on which our culture is predicated. Fate in both narratives is understood to be a governing body, with a prominence being placed on remaining on the course with that whichRead More A Co mparison of Homeric Formalism in The Iliad and The Odyssey1339 Words   |  6 PagesHomeric Formalism in The Iliad and The Odyssey Much that is terrible takes place in the Homeric poems, but it seldom takes place wordlessly... no speech is so filled with anger or scorn that the particles which express logical and grammatical connections are lacking or out of place. (from Odysseus Scar by Erich Auerbach)    In his immaculately detailed study comparing the narrative styles of Homer to those of the Bible, Erich Auerbach hits upon one of the most notable intriguesRead MoreIntroduction. The Bible Is One Of The Bestselling Books1139 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION The Bible is one of the bestselling books in the world, for this reason it is incredibly important for Christians and non-Christians alike to examine the reliability of the text. Because the nature of this paper is rather short, the historical evidence outlined will be brief and not all-inclusive. This paper will examine the writings and thoughts of many great people including Joshua McDowell, J. Walter Wallace and William Craig. For the purpose of clarity when discussing the Bible or ScripturesRead MoreSimilarities Between Paradise Lost And Paradise Lost1239 Words   |  5 Pagescontrast Paradise Lost with the three other epics of antiquity. The epics are Paradise Lost, Aeneid, The Epic Gilgamesh, and The Iliad. The most obvious difference is era. Paradise Lost is an epic poem from the 17th century and is written in blank verse which is the most modern phrasing method. According to an article on Enotes, out of the other three epics, the Iliad and Aeneid came from the same dactylli c family. (â€Å"Compare Miltons Paradise Lost†). Meanwhile The Epic Gilgamesh is more old-fashionedRead MoreGreek Mythology Vs Roman Mythology1256 Words   |  6 PagesThis illustrates the point that the Romans weren’t too interested in you unless you were part god in some way. Granted, many of the Greek stories also featured these demigods, however, they also had many stories that featured normal people. When comparing these two religions, it is clear that the Greeks placed much more emphasis on the appearance of their deities. The faces of gods were shown to be beautiful and their bodies were even more perfect still. The Greeks treated the gods like fashion modelsRead MoreNietzsches critique of Plato and Christianity2437 Words   |  10 Pagesand asks us not to feel negated when encountering suffering and enter the world of nihilistic pity. The denial of power and responsibility that Christianity imposed, according to Nietzsche, may be exemplified with Matthew’s ‘Sermon on the Mount’, (Bible, 5:3), â€Å"Blessed are they that mourn: for they shall be comforted. Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth†¦Blessed are they which are persecuted for righteousness sake: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.† Nietzsche claims that wordsRead MoreThe Reading Of The Hebrew Bible1867 Words   |  8 PagesIn the required reading of The Hebrew Bible, the character referred to as God is represented as a very mysterious character in several different instances. God appears to test the humans He creates periodically without cause. He punishes more than just the guilty offenders with His wrath and yet will reward the unfavorable actions of others. He appears to be a constant contradiction of His own ethical code leaving a sense of confusion towards any definition of morality. In the beginning of GenesisRead MoreExegesis on Exodus 202270 Words   |  10 PagesBible Exegesis: Exodus 20 Prior to beginning this assignment, I had already found a passionate interest in theology, primarily the logical historical analysis of the Old Testament. I had read several books on the topic, but still had a thirst for more knowledge. With that said, my preceding assumptions predominantly consisted of skepticism towards the religious interpretation of the Old Testament. I believed that Exodus 20 was a prime example of the religious establishment interpreting an ancientRead MoreSecret Intelligence Service and Espionage4647 Words   |  19 Pagesare many examples that show it. The importance of espionage in military affairs has been recognized since the beginning of recorded history. The Egyptians had a well-developed secret service, and spying and subversion are mentioned in the  Iliad  and in the Bible. The ancient Chinese treatise (c.500 B.C.) on the art of war devotes much attention to deception and intelligence gathering, arguing that all war is based on deception. In th e Middle Ages, political espionage became important.  Joan of Arc  was