Charles Darwin and the Theory of Evolution Essay

In the 1850s, Charles Darwin proposed his theory of evolution. His theory proposed that species evolved gradually through subtle changes from one generation to the next by means of natural selection. By natural selection, the most desirable hereditary traits become more common from one generation to the next while the less desirable, weaker traits die out. This gives rise to an organism that is more capable—fitted to—of surviving in the surrounding environment. At the time Darwin formulated his idea beginning with his trip on the HMS Beagle in the 1830s, some scientists resorted to the idea that God had preordained life by natural laws rather than by miraculous feats. While logical and correct, the idea still refers to a divine power, indicating a religious bent, so perhaps it was obvious that the ideas addressed could lead to religious controversy. As is common in science, Darwin’s concept arose from ideas garnered from a number of scientists of his time. Some researchers of the time believed that natural laws were responsible for life. While Darwin’s ideas did not account for the processes believed to account for life at the time, there was a theory at the time thought to account for life. Most thought that species were transmuted from one species into another. The problem with transmutation, an idea that is similar to evolution in some respects, is that a species may change through transmutation, but it will still be the same species. A dog may change into a different type of dog, but it will still be a dog; likewise, for a cat or any other species. Evolution dictates that the entire animal kingdom can grow through stages from one species into another over time. Birds came from reptiles, mammals came from birds and humans came from non-humans. (Lewontin, 1981) The data is unequivocal. During his voyage on HMS Beagle, Darwin found fossil remains of gigantic mammals that were recently extinct with no indication that their extinction had been caused by climate changes or catastrophic events. Although he believed that the remains he found were related to species in Africa or Europe, examination of the remains Darwin found showed that they were only related to other species found only in the Americas. Creationists insist that life came about from God in six days. While most evolutionists attack creationism on the grounds of scientific facts, there is another line of evidence virtually unnoticed by those who support evolution theory. Historians and archeologists have learned that the biblical story of creation came from the myths of another culture. Stories presented in the Bible evolved slowly over time, long before religions existed, and incorporated tales from many cultures. The story of the Garden of Eden, the serpent and the Tree of Life, for example, are said to have been depicted on an Akkadian Cylinder Seal nearly 2500 years before Christ. The serpent itself was viewed as a deity. Notice: â€Å"No one familiar with the mythologies of the primitive, ancient, and Oriental worlds can turn to the Bible without recognizing counterparts on every page, transformed, however, to render an argument contrary to the older faiths. In Eve’s scene at the tree, for example, nothing is said to indicate that the serpent who appeared and spoke to her was a deity in his own right, who had been revered in the Levant for at least seven thousand years before the composition of the Book of Genesis. There is in the Louvre a carved green steatite vase, inscribed c. 025 BC by King Gudaea of Lagash, dedicated to a late Sumerian manifestation of this consort of the goddess, under his title Ningizzida, ‘Lord of the Tree of Truth. ‘† p. 9. â€Å"The Serpent’s Bride. † Joseph Campbell. Occidental Mythology, The Masks of God. Arkana. New York. Viking Penguin Books. 1964, 1991 reprint The information in the Old T estament dates from about 1450 BC until 200 BC. This means that, contrary to the strongly held beliefs of most Christians, the creation story of Genesis is actually derived from the myths of ancient Sumerians. Therefore, the story is a myth. This means that those who against Darwin’s ideas on religious grounds based on their beliefs in the accuracy of the story in Genesis have unknowingly chosen to accept myth over facts. While they believe the myth to be factual, archeological evidence demonstrates otherwise. The scientific evidence leans heavily in support of Darwin’s ideas. While we may not fully understand some aspects behind the mechanism of evolution, we are continuously learning more about those mechanisms. (Dobzhansky, 1973) Dobzhansky states: Let me try to make crystal clear what is established beyond reasonable doubt, and what needs further study, about evolution. Evolution as a process that has always gone on in the history of the earth can be doubted only by those who are ignorant of the evidence or are resistant to evidence, owing to emotional blocks or to plain bigotry. By contrast, the mechanisms that bring evolution about certainly need study and clarification. There are no alternatives to evolution as history that can withstand critical examination. Yet we are constantly learning new and important facts about evolutionary mechanisms. Theodosius Dobzhansky, â€Å"Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in Light of Evolution†, American Biology Teacher vol. 35 (March 1973) reprinted in Evolution versus Creationism, J. Peter Zetterberg ed. , ORYX Press, Phoenix AZ 1983. Darwin (1859) believed that whales evolved from bears based on a scenario where selective pressures might cause this evolution, but he was criticized for this idea and removed the suggestion. Gould, 1995) Today, there is much more fossil evidence for the evolution of many species thus supporting the idea of evolution as a general biological principle, including the evolution of whales from lower animals. Evidence in support of evolution exists at many levels. There is paleontological evidence based on fossils, morphological evidence that relate the body morphology of higher animals to lower animals, evidence from molecular biology and from embryology. Added to this, the chronological picture that results is consistent with other lines of evidence. For example, the evidence for the evolution of whales from lower animals is convincing. Whales have been closely studied with respect to evolution. If evolution is valid, transitional stages from one level of evolution to another should exist. Although the fossil remains of whales spotty for a long time, recent fossil discoveries have more than adequately lent support to the concept of evolution for whales. Researchers state that independent lines of evidence from different disciplines confirm the pattern of evolution in whales. John Ray recognized that whales were mammals rather than fish in 1693 based on their similarity to terrestrial mammals. (Barnes, 1984) In 1883, Flower (see Barnes, 1984) found that whales had vestigial characteristics in common with terrestrial mammals just as humans have vestigial tails, the coccyx. Findings similar to these led to the concept of ‘ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny. ’ This concept is briefly explained in further detail below. Flower (1883) recognized that the whales have persistent rudimentary and vestigial features characteristic of terrestrial mammals, thus confirming that the direction of descent was from terrestrial to marine species. On the basis of morphology, Flower also linked whales with the ungulates; he seems to have been the first person to do so. Today, we know that whales have vestigial features in common with lower animals. For example, they have vestigial olfactory nerve, protruding hind limbs, pelvic fins and diaphragms. Like humans, during embryological development, whales develop features similar to lower animals and abandon them as development progresses. During their development, there is also evidence that whales have terrestrial ancestors. Some whales even develop hair while in the womb although they do not retain it. In 1985, Goodman et al. demonstrated that whales are more closely related to ungulates than to other animals. (Goodman, 1985; Miyamoto and Goodman, 1986) Some studies have identified genes, enzymes and other proteins that connect whales to extinct animals. (Irwin et al. 991; Irwin and Arnason, 1994; Milinkovitch, 1992; Graur and Higgins, 1994; Gatesy et al, 1996; Shimamura et al. , 1997) We have already noted above that the creation story in the Bible was taken from the text of an ancient culture that predates the Hebrew account. Rather than to openly acknowledge that the Bible’s story of creation is a mythical legend that explains evolution and the appearance of life on ea rth, some religious groups resort to far-fetched, fictitious, generally ridiculous concepts such as ‘creationism’, ‘creation science’ and ‘intelligent design’ to dismiss or explain away the science and replace it with fantasy. Embryology and developmental biology have a concept, ‘ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny’, that simplifies and briefly but succinctly expresses the concepts presented in the first chapter of Genesis. This is like explaining a complicated scientific concept, take conception and birth for example, to a little child by using a fairy tale rather than detailed research information. The fairy tale is not accurate, but the general information it communicates is true. With this single phrase, the first chapter of Genesis is summarized and explained. The phrase means that the embryological processes of development, ontogeny, depict and encapsulate the evolutionary history of the species, phylogeny. For example, during development of the human embryo, the fetus briefly has gills and a tail like its phylogenetic ancestors. In other words, during development, the developing embryo goes through some of the same stages that humans went through as the species developed from lower animals to humans. The concept makes perfect sense and explains many aspects of human development. Obviously, we cannot provide a comprehensive review of the evidence support evolution in a few pages, and we certainly cannot provide realistic evidence against it in light of all that exists to support it. While the evidence in support of the evolution of whales is plentiful, much evidence exists for evolution in general, including in humans. As has been reported here, the evidence is not just from scientific research, but also from archeology and history. That evidence shows, among other things, that the biblical story of creation in Genesis predates the Bible by hundreds of years. Despite all the evidence in support of evolution and against the idea of the biblical creation as being anything more than a myth, we can be certain that the argument in support of the biblical creation as being the real story and representing the real facts will not go away. Humans being what we are, we will always be faced with living with the Genesis myth as if it were fact, and coping with those who insist that the earth all the universe was created in six literal days. That concept certainly will never go away no matter what facts exist to disprove it.

Save the Earth Ailing from the Vehicular Pollution

Vehicles on the roads contribute to air pollution in major way. Most of the vehicle plying on road are fuelled by petrol and diesel emitting pollutants like Ozone gas, Nitrogen Oxides (NO), particulate matter, soot smog, carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2) etc These emissions not only pollute the environment, but also pose variety of health risks for people. Pollution is the main reason behind skin cancers, asthma, bronchitis, and other respiratory disorders. Even newborn children can get affected.Following steps can be taken by the state and even individuals to save the environment. Adopt energy efficient engines All vehicles must have 3 way catalysts and fuel controls so that they emit out less smog. They should be made mandatory by law as has been done by the state of California. Build an efficient public transport system More cars on roads mean more smog, increased pollution. Hence the need of the hour is to come up with a public transport system, which can reduce number of vehicles thereby reducing congestion, and also caters to the increasing population.Use of alternate fuels Vehicles must be installed with engines that are fuelled by hydrogen, ethanol, methanol and natural gas. They are known as cleaner fuels because they release less CO 2 into the air. They are economical as they can be obtained from natural resources. Introduction of battery operated or electric vehicles They run on the chemical energy stored in the battery, which is rechargeable. Lithium batteries can be used for such vehicles. The emission is zero and is powered by motor controllers.Individuals can make following meaningful contributions in reducing vehicular pollution. †¢ People can resort to riding bicycles for shorter distances. Cycles are absolutely safe for the environment and good for our bodies too. Cycling is good form of exercise also. †¢ Even walking should be encouraged for viable distances. †¢ Office goers can engage in car pools. †¢ Engines ca n be switched off at signals and at possible places where you need to wait for more than few minutes. It also conserves petrol/diesel.

Academic presonal statement Personal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Academic presonal - Personal Statement Example Even the global forces are demanding more from the agriculture industry. The high demand is due to the world’s growing population. The mixture of all the elements makes the subject more interesting, it is not limited and with time the demand and scope of the business also increases. There is much more to do in the field, as the demand for food is increasing over the years. This increase in demand has led to increase in the production of animal along with the production with animals the sources of food also needs to increased. An Animal Scientist takes both the subjects into account. It also focuses on an area where minimum focus is being given, everyone is more occupied with technology and that is why very few people in the world are working for the cause and I want to make a name in an area which could substantially contribute to the survival of the world. I am the right candidate for the study, not only because I have high interest in the field of subject but at the same time I have contributed much of my life in learning about the concepts. I have done my bachelors and masters in Animal Science. During my graduation I learned the concepts about the subject that I would be able to apply later in life if given the opportunity to do practical work. Along with my academic background I have also worked in the field with Alghabal Algharbi, in their head office of Animal production. Along with working at the department for research work I have also worked as a lecturer in the name university. I find it very interesting to work in the field of genetic improvement as using selection to improve animal production. Along with my interest in working in the field of animal science I am very much fond of studying the effect of feed activity on animal reproduction under different circumstances. Another area of my interest is using bio and mental fe ed additives to improve feed efficiency, digestion and metabolism and their

Assessment on MFL with ICT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Assessment on MFL with ICT - Essay Example characterized by some or all of the following features: under-performance in all four language skills; the setting of impossible or pointless tasks for average (and in particular less able) pupils and their abandonment of modern language learning at the first opportunity; excessive use of English and an inability to produce other than inadequate or largely unusable statements in the modern language; inefficient reading skills; and writing limited mainly to mechanical reproduction which was often extremely inaccurate. Such was the opinion of HMI. A teacher writing in the Audio-Visual Language Journal in 1978 described a number of other problems, too. He analyzed the situation from both his and the pupil's point of view. He wrote: It has been very hard work, demanding an inordinate amount of preparation and a great expenditure of energy in an attempt to motivate the apathetic core that exists in every CSE class. But the examinations are always a bitter disappointment and a derisory return for those children who have shown interest and worked well: a grade higher than 4 is rare, even though the candidates always include children who have the potential for a 1 or 2. From these two perspective... The CSE (Certificate of Secondary Education), first introduced in 1965, and the GCE 'O' level (General Certificate of Education Ordinary level) examinations, in existence long before, seemed inappropriate and needed revision. It was in this context of producing an examination better suited to the needs of learners of all abilities, and of motivating all children aged from 11 to 16, and especially those of average and below average ability, that the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) and Graded Objectives in Modern Languages (GOML) were developed. A combination of the new, joint 16+ examination and the GOML movement were seen by many people as realistic ways of assessing and motivating the whole ability range of pupils in secondary schools. Graded Objectives in Modern Languages The Graded Objectives movement achieved its momentum in the 1970s. It was prompted largely by a feeling among teachers that, in the context of the proposed new 16+ examination, the majority of their pupils could not be expected to sustain their interest and motivation for five years without some formal indications of successful learning. The principle of the five year course which must be completed before a public examination could be taken [was considered unacceptable]. The first principle of the graded objectives scheme was therefore that the traditional five year course to CSE/'O' level should be broken up into a set of shorter term objectives, each one leading to the next and each one building on its predecessor. (Harding, Page and Rowell 1980:3-4) The second principle of the Graded Objectives movement was that learners should be given worthwhile and realistic tasks to do which were (A) Achievable by all abilities

Data Model and Data Warehouse Design Architecture & XML Essay - 1

Data Model and Data Warehouse Design Architecture & XML - Essay Example be fully compliant with all the building laws and regulations, the company certifies the application and changes the status of the application to ‘Certified’. After certifying the plans, the company lodges the plans with the relevant Council for approval; the status of the application at this stage is changed to ‘Lodged’. Once the plans are approved by the Council, the status of the application becomes ‘Approved’, indicating that the building work can commence. Upon completion of the building work, the company inspects the building to ensure that the building work has strictly followed the plans. In case if the building work in not found satisfactory, the company gives instructions to the client that must be followed in order to make the building work satisfactory. The company inspects the building until the work is found satisfactory – means any building work can be inspected several number of times. Once all the building work is finaliz ed and found satisfactory by the company, the status of the application changes to ‘Closed’. A single application may cover multiple building works, and each building work may have a different type (which may be residential house, car port, shed, commercial building etc.), and a class (which may be 1A, 1B, 1C, 2, 3, 4 or 5). The Director of the company is interested to deploy a data warehouse system which can provide analytical views in form of reports, containing data, graphs, and charts, to help the top management in making effective business decisions to increase the productivity, in other words, sales of the company. The company already has a centralized database in which it maintains all the information related to its staff, customers, councils, and applications. This centralized database is a relational database which will represent the information source for the data warehouse in this

Khatem Al Shaklah Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Khatem Al Shaklah - Essay Example A strategic plan has been formulated with vision, mission and product development, and communication and media strategies are being established. At the end, an impact analysis has been done to review the sustainability of the project in the long run. Location Audit Khatem al Shaklah is an upcoming area located in the city of Al Ain. Al Ain is one of the developed cities in the state of UAE. It is also the second largest city in Emirates. The place is located near the border of Oman and connected by highways to big cities like Abu Dhabi and Dubai. The rainfall is average in the place and humidity is low, which makes it a favourite destination for holidays, especially during the summers. The place also boasts presence of many green forests and gardens, because of which the city is often termed as Garden city. Khatem al Shaklah is located on the central part of the city and is properly connected to the rest of the city with well built highways. The city of Al Ain is a popular destinatio n for tourist attraction. As most of the other cities in UAE are located in the coastal areas, the humidity is high. Dry weather of the Al Ain city makes it a favourable place for outing and spending holidays. Al Ain has become a major destination for commerce and service industry. This rise of tourists and people settling here from other countries makes it a favourable market for services industry. The city has currently three established malls and shopping centres (Atiyyah, 1997). Apart from the weather, the place is also famous for its historical legacy. The rich culture of Arab has been preserved in many historical and archaeological sites in the city (Nikam, et al, 2004). All the above features make the place an attractive destination for setting up a new heritage site. SWOT Analysis To find out the opportunities and areas of concern, a SWOT analysis has been done for the chosen place. The goal of SWOT analysis is to find out the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats associated with the chosen location and strategies to overcome the weaknesses and threats (Piercy and Giles, 1989). Strengths- The major strengths associated with the location are the weather and the historic legacy associated with it (Carlsen and Andersson, 2011). With a normal temperature and rainfall and a lower humidity especially during the summers, the area becomes a major destination place for tourists. The place has also many gardens and green spots which further attract tourists in the desert area. Another strength of the location is the infrastructure, the place is in the central part of the state and is connected with major cities such as Abu Dhabi and Dubai through highways as well as air transport. This makes it easy for the tourists and travellers and ensures a smooth and enjoyable experience for them. Weakness - The weakness of the location can be associated with the political, geographical and variable weather conditions. Even though the place is better than most of the cities of the Emirates in terms of weather, the climate is constantly changing. Sudden sand storms and cold nights are the major issues which tourists face. Also the area is not well promoted as a holiday destination which can be a hindering factor for any new projects in this

JPMorgan Chase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

JPMorgan Chase - Essay Example comparing with the laws existing or the existing banks’ policies and in case of any fraud, they take the financial institutions in court with enough evidence to prosecute. A valid contract has four major elements as explained by (Meiners, Ringleb and Edwards, 2014). The first of these elements is the offer and acceptance by both parties involved in the contract. An offer is made to the consumer who then accepts it. This is followed by intention to create legal relations which are carried out in order to ensure that the contract will be declared legally binding in which case both parties have to fulfill and abide by it. This is conducted with the presence of a witness orally or even with writing. After these two elements comes the considerations where the actual contract terms are discussed and negotiated. These include terms such as payments or any financial obligations involved or even the duration of the contract. Lastly is the signing of the contract and sealing the deal. The signing or completion of the deal through handshake should not be carried out under duress, undue influence or even under false statements which is what the fraudulent banks d o. Each party of the contract is supposed to honor their contract and not intentionally breach it as it will not only invalidate the contract but will destroy the relationship with the contracting party and this is not fair. Intentional tort actions according to (Meiners, Ringleb and Edwards, 2014) are the actions which are done by people will the desire or sole purpose to harm them. These actions are wrongful and are committed by these people consciously. The individual carrying out these wrongful actions that harm are fully aware of the consequences of his or her action as they are purposeful but does not to stop them from happening. On the other hand, negligence tort actions are those actions that are committed through the failure of individuals to be responsible enough and do the correct actions they were

Business Defamation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Defamation - Assignment Example The author of the paper states that now as individuals can sue each other for defamatory or vilifying statements, a contending business can take your company to court for making statements. Which are destructive to its business repute. Some Salespeople recurrently put side by side the qualities and uniqueness of their product or service with a competitor's during the sales presentation. Such comparisons when made are often imprecise or deceptive and from time to time tend to insult a company's business standing and deform or belittle its products. These very exact rules govern what an employee can and cannot say about the feeling of hostility that he possess for any competitor. It is a far better choice to hold down your staff and even lose an account or two. Rather than suffer hazard of the advanced costs of having to secure your company in court. This is a copious position for a business defamation lawsuit. Not actually for defamation, but the case can be turned. And they can be ta ken to court for the conduct of 'Misuse of information'. As the information was already in the public domain. It is more a copyright issue than a defamation one. He would win the case, the reason being what the law and what it actually entails: The Supreme Court ploy that the Internet is an only one of its kind intermediary at liberty to have the maximum defense, under the speech protection Rights of the First Amendment to the US Constitution. This also gives the Internet free speech defense similar to the defense in print. The Internet is considered the primary electronic media to accomplish this. For the reason that of having squat barriers to admittance, not having plenty, but loads of speakers, and no gatekeepers. The Communications Decency Act was approved in February 1996. The CDA forced the broadcast-style content set of laws on the release, decentralized Internet and severely constrained the primary alteration rights of all Americans. CDT sturdily disparate this legislation because it endangered the very subsistence of the Internet as a means for gratis expression, edification, and political conversation. Even though well-intentioned, the CDA was ineffective and failed to recognize the unique nature of this global, decentralized medium. The CDA banned redistribution "offensive" or "blatantly unpleasant" resources in a public forum on the Internet -- together with net pages, newsgroups, chat rooms, or online discussion forums. (CDA act) Mathew will win against Johnson in the two courts. This case seems to portray a termination, wherein there has been no documentation of the reason why. This is why under the employment law Mathews can take the company to court and win the case eventually.  

Crime Prevention Essay Example for Free

Crime Prevention Essay Abstract Crime prevention has become a major issue in our Nation. In our text we have learned that in the early 1990’s President Bill Clinton had passed a bill that hired 100,000 police officers as a result of the Violent Crime Control Act (Worrall, 2008). The hiring of all the police officers looked as if was going to make a huge impact across the nation. With the rate of crime going up across the world crime prevention is really needed. Communities and police officers need to come together to help preserve our neighborhoods. This is the best form of crime prevention. In this paper I am going to discuss the relationship of crime prevention to the Criminal Justice System. I am also going to give my definition of what is crime prevention. I will also discuss two or more institutions through which crime prevention programs and practices are delivered and try to give some examples. Crime Prevention Crime prevention can be defined in several ways. My definition of crime prevention is stopping crime and protecting our neighborhoods. If the community and the police work together they can reduce crime over time drastically. Crime is increasing in neighborhoods, so, crime prevention should increase as well. The relationship of crime prevention to the Criminal Justice System has several purposes. Crime prevention has the main purpose of protecting the community and the people that live in them. â€Å"Crime prevention and the Criminal Justice System have two main goals: to lessen the human and material cost and its impact on socioeconomics development and to formulate international standards and norms in crime prevention and criminal justice and promote their observance (Encyclopedia of the Nations, 2013).† In the relationship of crime prevention to the Criminal Justice System the police have several objectives. The police objectives are to prevent and control conduct threatening the life or property including serious crimes. Police also help and protect victims who have been physically abused (Plant and Scott, 2009). They also stop and arrest drunken drivers which help and protect the community. When police make drug bust in which the community helps with tips or make arrest on repeat offenders this type of crime prevention is key in the relationship with the Criminal Justice System. Police are used as mediators and negotiators to resolve domestic disturbances or hostage situations (Plant and Scott, 2009). Police are also trying to find ways to protect the youth of today from following in the same footsteps as the criminals that they deal with on a day to day basis. Police are trying to do everything that they can to stop trafficking of persons and drugs throughout our nation and help keep our youth stay out of the criminal justice system. Crime prevention and the Criminal Justice System go hand in hand with the reduction of crime. There are many institutions through which crime prevention programs and practices are delivered. Most of the programs are built around habitual offenders and youths from the 5 to 18 years of age. One program that they have for repeat offenders is the Circle of Support and Accountability (COSA). This program targets young to adult males that have been tried and convicted of a sexual crime, did not get early release, and are at serious risk of reoffending (National Crime Prevention Centre, 2008). COSA has up to seven but no less than four volunteers that help the offenders reengage back to a normal life in their community. The volunteers also hold the offenders accountable for their actions. COSA’s main goals are to help the offenders through their difficulties and emergencies, hold them accountable for their behavior and attitudes, to be advocates for treatment with the providers, comm unity groups, the police agencies and any other professionals in the community, mediate with the community to answer their concerns, and to help them celebrate their success of treatment and their anniversaries (National Crime Prevention Centre, 2008). Another program that is used as a crime prevention program is the Boy and Girls Clubs of America. This program targets young children and teens from five years of age to eighteen. This also targets kids in high risk and drug infested communities. The Boys and Girls Club gives kids in the community a safe place to go after school and in the summer. This organization keeps kids and teens out of trouble. Teens that have dropped out of school are given an opportunity to get their GED through programs provided by the Boys and Girls Club (National Crime Prevention Centre, 2008). The Boys and Girls Club gives children a place to go when their parents are working late and gives parents a sense of relief because they know that their child is in a safe environment. The Boys and Girls Club provides kids with meals and snacks, a place to do their homework, a place to play sports, and a place to feel safe (National Crime Prevention Centre, 2008). The Clubs offer programming in four main areas. The areas are leadership; growth and empowerment, physical activity; health and safety, learning and career development, and community services. It also operates under five values. The values are inclusion and opportunities, respect and belonging, empowerment, collaboration, and speaking out (National Crime Prevention Centre, 2008). As you can see that empowerment is a major part of the Boys and Girls Club. Showing kids that they matter and that they have worth gives the kids a boost in their confidence and self-esteem. These are just two organizations that help and focus on making someone’s life better. There are many more out there that can help in particular fields of rehabilitation and kid safety. Crime prevention and the Criminal Justice System are needed though out our nation. Police are doing all they can to make the communities safe. It is time for the community to help the police and get rid of the â€Å"no snitching po licy.† The youth of today have so many things that can cause them to turn to a life of crime and it is up to parents, police, and other government officials to protect them. There are a large number of organizations that are out there that can help youths, teens, and adults to become better members of society. When a criminal is released back into society they should find one of these organizations to help them get acclimated with the community that they are moving into. The Criminal Justice System and crime prevention goes hand in hand but is not the only way to turn young adults away from crime. The responsibility is the parents to guide and protect the kids from the dangers of the world. The Criminal Justice System is full enough with young men and women, let’s try and stop the number from getting bigger. References Encyclopedia of the Nations (2013) retrieved from: http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/United-Nations/Social-and-Humanitarian-Assistance-CRIME-PREVENTION-AND-CRIMINAL-JUSTICE.html National Crime Prevention Centre (2008) retrieved from:

How ICT has helped people with special needs Essay Example for Free

How ICT has helped people with special needs Essay Introduction In this essay I will be analysing how the usage of ICT helps people with special needs. There are 3 types of special needs. What is a physical disability? The term disability, as it is applied to humans, refers to any condition that impedes the completion of daily tasks using traditional methods. National governments and global humanitarian agencies have narrowed this definition for their own purposes, only pledging aid to those with specific disabilities of a certain severity What is a sensory disability? Is when someone is you are Deaf, visually impaired, hearing impaired or have a significant combination of hearing and sight loss. What is a learning difficulty? A disorder in basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language, spoken or written, that may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell or use mathematical calculations. The term includes conditions such as perceptual disability, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia. How ICT is used to help those with Learning Difficulties Multimedia software Helps people who find it hard to concentrate. It uses different forms of media, pictures, sound clips and video to keep the user interested. Specialised educational software Theres a huge range of software available to help people struggling with different subjects and useful tips e. g. help with reading and basic maths. Touch screens These are useful for people who finding using a mouse or any other sort of input device difficult. Spell checkers Can help people with dyslexia who finds it difficult to spell; you can set it up so check your words as you type. How ICT is used to help those with visual difficulties. People with hearing difficulties can still use most computer functions normally. One thing you can do though is set up the computer to display visual icons rather than using sound. DVDs are much better than videotapes as you can use the subtitle facilities. Many recent communication technologies like e-mail and texting work really well for people with hearing. Being able to set mobile phones to vibrate or flash is also very useful. Text phones are an older system that replaces a standard telephone with a keyboard and a screen. What you type on both screens- a bit like a chat-room. Both sender and receiver need a text phone machine. If a person has problem seeing or is completely blind they would be categorized as having a Visual disabilities. If a person cannot read small type then there are a lot of magnification devices out on the market, which fit almost anything from phones to monitors. For example a person with low vision would use a keyboard with extra large print. If a person is completely blind then they would use a speech recognition device. Changing the screen settings can help. You can also change the colour scheme, screen resolution and fonts to make it clearer. For the blind, special hardware is available- Braille keyboards make it easy to type, and describe whats on the screen. Screen readers are pieces of software that use speech synthesis technology to read out and describe whats on the screen. Text-To-Speech. A text-to-speech is designed for individuals with reading difficulties. It works by simultaneously highlights and reading aloud of text. There are other devices for people with reading disabilities such as spellcheckers How ICT is used to help those with hearing difficulties. Speech Recognition There are two uses for speech recognition these are Dictation and Computer control. Speech recognition is one of the desired assistive technology systems. People believe speech recognition is a natural and easy method of accessing the computer A dyslexic person who has problems with writing English would use the speech recognition to make sure their English is correct. A person planning to use speech recognition must be aware he is required to go through a training session. This is a one-time reading when the user must read aloud an excerpt of text that is displayed during the training feature of the speech recognition application. Depending upon the speech recognition software, there is several enrolment training excerpts to select from. A person planning to use speech recognition must be aware he is required to go through an enrolment (training) session. This is a one-time reading when the user must read aloud an excerpt of text that is displayed during the training feature of the speech recognition application. (For an example of enrolment text, please see What Is Speech Recognition) Depending upon the speech recognition software, there is several enrolment training excerpts to select from. Personal Communicator tool for Learning and Communicating Sign Language. The Personal Communicator creates a common ground for communicating in Sign Language. Using hypermedia technology, the Personal Communicator is a user-friendly program that brings sign language communication capabilities to the desktop and notebook computer. With more than 2500 digital video signs and 4500 English words. The Personal Communicator can be a useful tool in communication, education, and other environments. If someone is not able to use a mouse because they havent got full control in there hands then there are mouse alternatives to help people with the disabilities. How ICT can help those with Physical Difficulties Many people find mice difficult to use- there are many alternatives such as tracker balls, Joy Sticks and tough pads. People with limited hand movement can get specially designed keyboards to suit there needs. Voice Recognition software can be used by people with little or no hand movement. It lets you speak to the computer to navigate menus and do what you want it to do. If you are severely limited, you can use a computer with switches carefully arranged- Stephen Hawking is a famous example of someone who uses ICT in this way. For people with limited mobility, environmental control systems can be set up to atomically open, close curtains, turn lights on and off, operate heaters and so on. How ICT can help those with Language difficulties Dictionary software can help you to quickly translate individual words. Learning software can help you practise an unfamiliar language with exercises where you can hear phrases spoken. It can also record your voice and play it back to see how well you have done. Most word processing packages can check your spelling in different languages and check that your sentences make sense. In conclusion it is fair to say that people with disabilities might need variations on the standard equipment to use computers, but once they have these mentioned above I am sure it can change the way they live.

FedEx Turnover Rate and Human Resource Strategies

FedEx Turnover Rate and Human Resource Strategies In a recent literature, Bohlander and Snell (2009, PP.93) argued that Employee turnover (rate) or turnover (rate) refers simply to the movement of employees out of an organisation. Actually, it described how long employees tend to stay or the rate of traffic through the revolving door. Low turnover (rate) is helpful to the organisations, which indicated organisations retain employees by different HR programmes (Phillips and Connell, 2003, PP.2). As a common problem, high or low turnover (rate) can be caused by following reasons. 2.2 HR Programs in FedEx 2.2.1 Peer Recruiter Reichert (2010) has written and demonstrated that, in the whole country (U.S.), there are 25 National Recruitment Centers which are developed by FedEx to provide its mangers a much qualified employees during the interview process. Under the direction of regional personnel offices, these centers play the function of screening all applicants. A program called Peer Recruiter was introduced at each of these centers, helping to conduct a professional recruit and to screen applicants. The name of Peer Pecruiter has indicated that the peer recruiters will have a relative working recruit experience when doing an interview for applicants. In this way, the program can not only help select proper recruits, but also provide a chance for applicants to learn more about the expectation of the FedEx and their positions. The retention of FedEx is related with employee relations and recruitment. FedEx really cares about employee and FedEx begins its retention efforts through centralizing the recruitment performance. There are many recruitment centers of FedEx around the world and it develop centers for the managers that with a better qualitied applicant to interview. The recruite program can play the role to help screen applicants and professional recruiters process. 2.2.2 People Service Profits A successful recruitment is certainly important for a company, but the problem is how to retain those applicants. In the opinion of Smith (2009) who is the CEO of FedEx, he said that FedEx has the simple managerial concepts and effective translation them into action. He called them as People-First Philosophy. This philosophy understood by FedEx from these concepts can be defined as People Service Profits which is Purple Promise,- a simple corporate philosophy . FedEx emphasizes that people comes the first, because they believe people make good business sense and the abilities of people are the basic for everything good of FedEx. Therefore, the secret of FedExs success and employees loyalty can be explained as its Employee Friendly HR Practices. (FedEx Express, 2002) 2.3 Programs help to reduce the turnover (rate) 2.3.1 The Recognition and Reward Programs (Motivating Employees) FedEx believes that career advancement is not the only way to increase the growth, and the recognition and reward programs can also work well to reinforce desired behaviour, such as customer focus and quality. Besides, as effective approaches, those programs also keep their employees motivated and to deliver high-quality service. FedEx is willing to acknowledge the efforts of their employees. Because the important function of acknowledgment can motivate and satisfy workforce, as well as stimulate new ideas and cultivate better performance and team spirit. (Global HR, 2008) The Bravo Zulu Program is one of the recognition and reward programs with this goal, recognizing the performance of its employees when they surpass their normal job responsibilities. There are wide recognition approaches, including nonfinancial Bravo Zulu appreciation letters, cash appreciation or noncash awards presented by management, etc. (Shetty, 2011) Shetty (2011) stated that The Suggestion Awards Program is another recognition and reward program in FedEx. Just as the name of the program has implies, employees are encouraged to put forwards ideas to improve companys operations. Of course, those ideas should be about productivity improvement, revenues increasing, lowering cost or promotion of safer working conditions, etc. In FedExs reward process, one of the nice things is that the customer, who has voice in selecting outstanding service, is involved in the process. If the full-time employees have fulfilled service to their customers with full hearts at any time, they will win The Golden Falcon Award. The basis for these awards nominations are consisted of unsolicited internal and external customer letters citing outstanding performance. Every month, the winners of these awards will be announced by company video programs and publications and will receive shares of stock as well as an award. The Five Star Award is FedExs highest award which is given to individuals with outstanding performances. These performances always can materially contribute to profitability, corporation enhancement, and teamwork. Officers, managing directors, managers or senior managers, and non-managerial employees are eligible for the award. (Reichert, 2010 Trimble, 1993) 2.3.2 The Communication Programs The Communication Programs Concepts Open Door Procedure A process for dealing with employee questions or complaints regarding corporate policy Guaranteed Fair Treatment Procedure An employee appeal process for having an issue or complaint heard Survey Feedback Action A key employees relations and satisfaction program Table 3: The Employee Communication Programs The candid communication with the employees has contributed a lot to the successful relationship and retention in FedEx. Smith (2009) emphasized on the thinking of finding the resolution of a problem. He pointed out that enormous times will be spent in dealing with the internal employee response program by FedEx. The most important point in this program is an Open Door Procedure. In the open situation, employees will be encouraged to freely say out and find out solutions to the controversial, disagreeable or contrary problems existing in the current policy. (Reichert, 2010) In Reichert (2010) study, he stated that a relevant fair and open solution to the complaint of the FedExs employees is the Guaranteed Fair Treatment Procedure which involves three basic steps. The first comes to the management review which will have the result within seven days, employees should submit a writer complaint letter to the members of management to describe the issue. Then, the members of management check all the information related to the issue, grasp the facts, make a fair decision and hold an individual meeting or telephone conference to discuss the decision. Finally, the management review will open the decision by writing it in paper, letting the complainant and personnel office know the result. (Reichert, 2010) The second step comes to the officer review. A vice president or a senior vice president of a division is the major conductor. After the result of the first step has came out, the complainants will have seven days to submit a written complaint letter to the officer review, if they disagree about the decision made by the first step. (Reichert, 2010) The last step is the executive review. The complainants can submit their complaints to the Employee Relation Department within seven days. Then the department will investigate, prepare and establish a GFTP case file to the Appeals Board. The Appeals Board reviews all information related to the issues again and makes a decision of supporting or overturning. The Appeals Board will respond to the complainant by written and copy a same one to personnel. As a result, the complainant and company will be bind on the final decision made by Appeals Board. (Reichert, 2010) The Survey Feedback Action (SFA) Program which evaluates the employees relations and satisfaction. From the beginning of the manual survey to online survey, the pattern has been changing. However, there is an important thing which has not changed. Employees participated in this survey, through gathering the results to develop and implement managers corrective action. With the continuous improvement of employee satisfaction, FedEx retains the employees, as a result, the turnover rate will lower. (Trimble, 1993) 2.4 Advantages of the HR programs for employees and FedEx 2.4.1 Advantages of the HR programs for employees Tangible evidence can be found in FedEx, the employees have the chance to know what they will obtain. FedEx strictly insists on a promotion procedure within its policy and career advancement policy. Every employee can be informed the opportunities by the On-Line Computer Job Posting System(Job Change Applicant Tracking System), the notices will be posted throughout the company if the position is open, making everyone see the position demand. The open position is generally taken up by the employee who works inside the company. Unless there are truly no qualified applicants inside, the company will begin to search outside. Therefore, employees have sufficient opportunities to advance in FedEx. Besides, Tuition Refund Program is another popular career advancement tool for employees. With the program, employees who go for further study or training will be reimbursed by company. Many students are employed by the company in the main hub and other locations. (Reichert, 2010) According to the IBS Center for Management Research website (2003), FedEx believes that the employee retention and relation have much to do with the employees development, communication and motivation. Keeping looking for approaches to improve their employee training, FedEx carried out an Interactive Video Instruction (IVI) in 1986. The new information training and test preparation are applying to IVI which contains job knowledge tests for employees twice a year. The most important advantage of this program is that employees can use their spare time to learn and train themselves. Each employee can formulate his or her own learning pace and the training can be repeated as many times as their need. FedEx notes that IVI makes 60% of the training time to be reduced and information to be standardized. The employee compensation is organized to stimulate new ideas, acknowledge individual effort, promote teamwork and encourage outstanding performance. The compensation programs are the blend of benefit plans, pay programs, and quality of the work programs. FedEx Express gives these types of programs with regard to both full time and part time employees, that enable the arrangement of employee can be flexible and support them to have more time with their familises. The most important element attributing to the success is the action. As Smith (2009) said, many local part time jobs are employed by the company as local full time jobs. However, the employees who are senior and from the outside local region will oppress them and hinder the chances for the part timers to advance. A program is set up by FedEx to solve the problem and keep high value employees. Under the program, the part timers will gain credit for local service. 2.4.2 Advantages of the HR programs for FedEx FedEx should implement the People Service Profits Philosophy. The question like what your expectation on me, and what do you expect me to do? always comes first. FedEx uses the Extensive Orientation Program to explain its values to employees and tries to spend sufficient time to answer that question. For FedEx, Smith (2009) thought there are three important things: carrying cargo, letting employees to know its plans and making sure employees to learn that besides earning salary. There must be some ulterior reasons or some higher-level goals of working. It is necessary for employees to set up their goals and receive rewards for their job well done. In addition, employees can also influence the contents which they have done and methods with which they done. (Trimble, 1993) There are two programs used by FedEx to help its employees fit their jobs. The first is Leadership Evaluation and Awareness Process Program which gives a opportunity of the non-managerial employees to seek managerial positions which can help them to learn more about the management job. Besides, the Job Change Applicant Tracking System (JCATS) is also applied to help post job in FedEx, by which employees can know what jobs are open in time. (Shetty, 2011) In 2010, New York Times claimed that the Fortune magazine has recognized the FedEx Corporation as one of the 100 Best Companies to Work For of America. It is the only shipping company that list on the top 100 in Fortune and it has been maintain the position for 10 times in the past 11years. From the analysis, some positive trends emerge, which can be regarded as an interactive functions that are the HR department is doing good things with the purpose of keeping their employees happy, and in turn the satisfied employees are doing better to make profits for FedEx in PSP philosophy. The HRM creates great atmosphere, which brings a competitive advantage and a numerous qualify people into FedEx to make their good contribution to the company. FedExs HRM performance is beyond all of competitors. It is known as a company with very friendly employment system. In addition, 3% of FedExs total expense is put in training programs, which is six times more than other companies, such as Executive Education Programs and so on. Because of those training programs, FedEx can keep its turnover rate at a lower levle than its opponents. (Trimble, 1993) The FedEx survey or action or feedback program is a survey of employee attitudes to act as the GFTP and other communication tools. In order to improve its department ability, management applies the survey to decide their next actions. However, the survey is anonymous for maintaining the fairness of attitudes. In the past 13 years, every group and work unit in FedEx can see the survey in public and management never receive any individual responses. The reason is that all managers must meet, discuss and settle the problems that the employees have been put forwards, in less than six weeks. The manager whose feedback score is low should take the corrective actions to develop and improve themselves to be better. FedEx believes that people may actively involve themselves into the matters of company if they feel their influence to act on the real things.

The Coward Revealed in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman :: Death Salesman essays

The Coward Revealed in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the play Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, the main character, Willy Loman, is a struggling salesman. Willy Loman is a complex character who confuses illusion with reality. In a way, Willy has two personalities in this play. The one we see in the present action is a tired man in his sixties. The other Willy is the one we see in flashbacks. He is young and confident. In Act Two, Scene Fourteen, Willy’s son Biff tells him that he loves him. Willy can tell that Biff is not just saying this out of pity because Biff is sobbing. In a flashback, Willy speaks to his dead brother Ben. Ben keeps saying "Time, William, Time", reminding him that suicide is closing in. Ben also tells Willy that he should come to the jungle. In this scene, the jungle represents opportunities for success. The reason that Ben tells Willy to come to the jungle, is that when in the jungle, Willy can get the diamonds. The diamonds represent the insurance money that the family will get from Willy’s accident. Therefore, Ben is saying that the only way Willy can get twenty thousand dollars in insurance money is to kill himself, or symbolically Ben is saying that the only way to get the diamonds is to enter the jungle. Willy also talks to Ben how great Biff would do with all of that money. Willy thinks one more time about Biff and how he was a great football player. This shows that Willy still thinks of Biff as a football hero, which is one of the reasons Willy thinks Biff is so magnificent. As Willy is finishing up his thoughts, his wife, Linda, is calling him to come up to bed. After this happens, the sound of a speeding car is heard driving off into the night. In the same scene, Willy’s wife Linda has come to make a peace with their two sons, Biff and Happy. Linda also suspects that Willy may kill himself. She made a big mistake by leaving the disturbed Willy alone. The rubber tubing that Linda found on the heater foreshadows Willy’s suicide. Linda doesn’t want Willy to kill himself, but believes that she cannot interfere with his business. I believe that Willy’s suicide was an escape from shame. He couldn’t keep living his life as a lie.

Alices Adventures in Wonderland, Through the Looking Glass and What Al

Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There: For Adults Only! Â   "'Curiouser and curiouser!'cried Alice" (Carroll, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland 9). At the time she was speaking of the fact that her body seemed to be growing to immense proportions before her very eyes; however, she could instead have been speaking about the entire nature of Lewis Carroll's classic works Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There. At first glance, the novels seem easy enough to understand. They are simple children's stories filled with fantastical language and wonderful worlds. They follow the basic genre of nearly all children's work, they are written in simple and clear language, feature a young hero and an amazing, unbelievable cast of characters, are set in places of mystery and illusion, and seem far too nonsensical and unusual for adults to enjoy. Even their author, Lewis Carroll, believed them to be children's stories. Yet Carroll and generations of parents and children have been wrong. While these stories ma y seem typical children's fare, they are distinctly different. Their symbolism, content, and message make the Alice books uniquely intended for adults. Charles Lutwidge Dodgson was born in 1832 in Victorian England. He was a mathematics professor, but he had a very peculiar dual identity. "Most of the time he was C. L. Dodgson, the shy, stammering mathematics professor, but on occasion he became Lewis Carroll, the dynamic fantasist and parodist" (Matuz 105). He began his career in writing by publishing typical and uninspiring tracts about mathematics and politics, but after an inspirational boat ride with three young girls, he began the... ...dventures in Wonderland, by Lewis Carroll. The Sewanee Review XXXV (1927): 393-398. Hudson, Derek. "Lewis Carroll." British Writers 5 (1982): 265-266. Leach, Elsie. "'Alice in Wonderland' in Perspective." 1964. New York: Vanguard Press, Inc., 1971. Masslich, George. "A Book within a Book." The English Journal X (1921): 122. Matuz, Roger, ed. Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Detroit: Gale Research, Inc., 1991. Priestley, J. B. "A Note on Humpty Dumpty." I for One. London: John Lane, 1923. 194. Spacks, Patricia Meyer. "Logic and Language in 'Through the Looking-Glass.'" 1961. New York: Vanguard Press, Inc., 1971. Wilson, Edmund. "C. L. Dodgson: The Poet Logician." 1932. New York: Vanguard Press, Inc., 1971. Woolf, Virginia. "Lewis Carroll." The Moment and Other Essays. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1948. 83. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Through the Looking Glass and What Al Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There: For Adults Only! Â   "'Curiouser and curiouser!'cried Alice" (Carroll, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland 9). At the time she was speaking of the fact that her body seemed to be growing to immense proportions before her very eyes; however, she could instead have been speaking about the entire nature of Lewis Carroll's classic works Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There. At first glance, the novels seem easy enough to understand. They are simple children's stories filled with fantastical language and wonderful worlds. They follow the basic genre of nearly all children's work, they are written in simple and clear language, feature a young hero and an amazing, unbelievable cast of characters, are set in places of mystery and illusion, and seem far too nonsensical and unusual for adults to enjoy. Even their author, Lewis Carroll, believed them to be children's stories. Yet Carroll and generations of parents and children have been wrong. While these stories ma y seem typical children's fare, they are distinctly different. Their symbolism, content, and message make the Alice books uniquely intended for adults. Charles Lutwidge Dodgson was born in 1832 in Victorian England. He was a mathematics professor, but he had a very peculiar dual identity. "Most of the time he was C. L. Dodgson, the shy, stammering mathematics professor, but on occasion he became Lewis Carroll, the dynamic fantasist and parodist" (Matuz 105). He began his career in writing by publishing typical and uninspiring tracts about mathematics and politics, but after an inspirational boat ride with three young girls, he began the... ...dventures in Wonderland, by Lewis Carroll. The Sewanee Review XXXV (1927): 393-398. Hudson, Derek. "Lewis Carroll." British Writers 5 (1982): 265-266. Leach, Elsie. "'Alice in Wonderland' in Perspective." 1964. New York: Vanguard Press, Inc., 1971. Masslich, George. "A Book within a Book." The English Journal X (1921): 122. Matuz, Roger, ed. Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Detroit: Gale Research, Inc., 1991. Priestley, J. B. "A Note on Humpty Dumpty." I for One. London: John Lane, 1923. 194. Spacks, Patricia Meyer. "Logic and Language in 'Through the Looking-Glass.'" 1961. New York: Vanguard Press, Inc., 1971. Wilson, Edmund. "C. L. Dodgson: The Poet Logician." 1932. New York: Vanguard Press, Inc., 1971. Woolf, Virginia. "Lewis Carroll." The Moment and Other Essays. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1948. 83.

Brice Family Essay

The Brice family consisted of a family unit of five. The father Davie a lawyer, the mother Caroline, their teenage daughter Claudia, the younger daughter Laura and younger son Don. The family was referred by a psychiatrist who had been seeing Claudia, but felt the whole family needed to be in therapy. The first session was a challenge, the family agreed to go in all together only for the initial session and they were not very comfortable to begin with. The mother Caroline felt the problem that should be address was the issues their teen daughter was having and she did not believe the entire family should be there. Both the mother and daughter came in angry to the therapy session and there was a lot of tension in the room. The father was respectful and stated he was happy to be there, but his body language told the therapist he has not comfortable being there. The youngest daughter Laura seemed to be in a cheerful mood with high energy. The youngest son Don did not show up for the first session. During the session there was an argument that broke out between mother and daughter, Carolyn seems to think they are in therapy to resolve the daughter’s issues that is affecting the entire family, but she does not feel the family as a unit has a problem. Both therapists agreed that it would not be ideal to start the family session without the youngest son Don who did not show up. David and Carolyn did not seem happy with this choice and felt the longer they waited  for their daughter to get help the worst it would get. Carl explain the dynamics of the family and how important it was to have Don at the initiation of the family session, and asked the family to think if they wanted to be a part of the family they are in, and if they did to call and set up a time for the next session with Don include. Dave did not hesitate and agreed to set up an appointment then and there; he looked over at his wife and asked he if she agreed. Carolyn agreed and towards the end of the session Carl connected with Laura the youngest daughter by engaging her in dialog and asking what she thought about everything that was going on in the family. By doing this Carl was able to show the family how every member of the family has a valuable place in therapy, and it is not just about one person. Second Session The second session with the Brice family was as intense as the first one. Don the younger brother did attend the second session. He came in with a sloppy walk. Don has long blond hair and dressed in body shirt jeans and sandals. He introduced himself to Carl and seemed confident. Once the family was settle and the session started the focus of the session would always seem to try and come back to Claudia. Both parents think that Claudia is the cause of the family dysfunction and their marriage is in trouble because of her. Carl did a great job by taking the focus away from Claudia and putting it back on both parents. He was able to have them see that there were other issues that stemmed with them as a couple, and the structure of the family unit. David over working and not being a part of the family and Carolyn being over involved with her mother and her needs. Whitaker and Napier conceptualized the family’s difficulties as a whole problem. They did not see it stem form one family member. They felt the family all had some issues as individuals and as a couple for the parents that were not address when they should have been. Because the issues were set aside they resurfaced and intensified along with Claudia’s changing attitude and miss behavior. This is one of the reasons both parents seem to focus on Claudia and identified her as the main cause of the family’s problems. When using individual understanding of a family’s problem each family member is seen separate. The family is not taken in as a unit, but instead they work on the individual to be able to create harmony in the family. Each member issue are addressed  individually and worked on without the rest of the family having a part. When looked at as individual there is a targeted behavior the individual is seeing as the problem not the family unit as a whole. Carl used the systemic family approach with the Brice family, both therapist looked at the circular interaction of the family problem, the family role of each family member and how they fit in to contributing to the family dysfunction and made sure the entire family was present for the first intervention. Both therapist looked for positive contributions to the social organization of the family that they could look back on to start working with the family as one unit and not focus on one member of the family to be the problem. One of the interventions came by the simple sitting arrangement the family had. The family in the beginning of the session unconsciously sat according to the family structure and how they felt it was. By having the therapist change the seating arrangements was a symbolic change and shift in the family structure to what it should be. Systematic therapy seems to be the best time of therapy for the Brice family. In this paper I have talked about the first two sessions of the Brice family, I have included Whitaker’s and Napier’s conceptualization of the families difficulties and described ho this differs from individual understanding. I also talked about specific interventions used with the family.

Commentary About the Love and Redemption in the Tale of Two Cities

Commentary about the Love and Redemption in The Tale of Two Cities [Abstract] This paper begins with an introduction about the content of The Tale of Two Cities. Under the societal background of England and France during the French Revolution in 18th century, The Tale of Two Cities, which was written by Charles Dickens, describes the veritable living conditions and the vivid era characteristics. The novel not only reflects the poignant class struggle and distorted social circumstances, but also shows the different fates of different characters under the certain social background through depicting positive and negative images and plots.Meanwhile, The Tale of Two Cities is an expression of the purpose of the author Charles Dickens. That is to say, the novel expresses the deep thinking about oppression and struggle, as well as the high praise about love and redemption, which implicit the anticipation about the bright future. [Key Words] love; redemption; benevolence spirit; typical char acters; social background; anticipation about the bright future Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1 Contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 1. Brief Introduction about the The Tale of Two Cities †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 1. The plot about the novel†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 1. 2 Introduction about the fates of the Main Characters†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 1. 2. 1 Dr. Manatte†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 1. 2. 2 Lucie Manat†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 1. 2. 3 Sydney Carton†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 1. 2. 4 Charles Darnay†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 1. 2. 5 Madame Defarge†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 1. 2. 6 Marquis St. Evremonde†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 2. The Love and the Redemption among the Idealistical Characters†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 2. The memory of Dr. Manette †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 2. 2 Get out of the Aristocratic Ring†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 2. 3 The Sacrifice of love†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 2. 4 The Spiritual Bailment in These Idealists†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 3. The Love and the Redemption among the Revolutionary and Federal Aristocracy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦7 1. Tragedy of Love and Redemption †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 2. The Deserved Punishment of the Federal Aristocracy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 3. The Ruin in the Chaos†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦.. 9 4. The Love and the Redemption between the Two Cities †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. .. 10 1. The Complicated World†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦10 2. Deep Reasons behind the Crazy Revolutionary Wave†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 5. Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦. 11 1. Brief Introduction about the The Tale of Two Cities 1. The plot about the novel The novel The Tale of Two Cities was set in London and Paris at the time of the great French Revolution. It shows the causes of revolution and its effects on people's daily lives. Before the revolution, the King and the aristocracy treated their people cruelly in France.Many people were extremely poor and miserable. The crops in the fields were poor as if even the land shared the misery of the people. And there were so heavy taxes that all the villagers had nothing to hand over at last. On the other hand, the aristocracy made their will as the law by using money and gold. There were no justice, no equality and no fairness. Just as what happened to Dr Manette, he wrote to the Minister to show the crime what Marquis Evremonde had done, resulting in him being arrested and sent to the prison Bastille without any reason. Then this situation of darkness was needed to be changed.As people such as the Defarges prepared and arranged, at length the Revolution came to break out . When the Bastille was captured and the King was tried and put to death as well as many other aristocrats, things didn't go on as what they had been expected. The situation stayed the same or even worse. The prisoners from the Bastille were set free while more prisons were filled with people who had done no wrong again. People who once lived on the bottom of class took the charge now and their heart had been full of evil. The only thing they wanted to do was to revenge.And these so-called â€Å"patriots† would like to see more and more innocent prisoners going to the guillotine and that's their joy. As the novel wrote, â€Å" In everything they did were merciless, for they had been hardened in the fires of suffering and the touch of pity could make no mark on them†. 2. Introduction of the Main Characters 1. 2. 1 Dr. Manatte He was an old doctor from France. Under the tyrannical and unjustifiable judgment, together with the aristocratic persecution, Dr. Manatte spent e ighteen years hard time in the Bastille—— an horrible prison, and nearly became crippled.After releasing from the Bastille, he regained his health under the good care by his daughter, Lucie. Since then, Dr. Manatte had led a peaceful life. 1. 2. 2 Lucie Manatte She was Dr. Manatte’s daughter, a beautiful and smart girl. Although without father’s care since her childhood, Lucie was well raised under the guardianship of her father’s friend Lorry. When her father was released from the prison, the eighteen-years-old beauty took good care of her father. She fell in love with the nobleman, Darnay, and got married with him. Unfortunately, Darnay was arrested during the French Revolution.Even though Lucie used trial and errors, the situation was still awkward and failure. 1. 2. 3 Sydney Carton He was a young English lawyer who was full of passion and wisdom. One day, he met the nobleman Darnay when he was dealing with some cases in the court. Coincidently, Darnay looked like him. Carton also loved Lucie deeply, but he could not marry her. Finally, he showed his selfless spirit and substituted for Darnay going to the guillotine. 1. 2. 4 Charles Darnay He was born in a noble family in France. However, Charles Darnay gave up his marquis status as well as the right of inheritance, earning the living by himself in England.The loyal and hard-working man was arrested when he was rescuing his old servant during the French Revolution. 1. 2. 5 Madame Defarge She was the landlady of a grogshop in the slum in Paris. But she has the explosive personality. Her husband, Defarge and she launched the revolution. As one of the leaders in the women team, she was active to guide others to resist the unfairness. Unfortunately, Madame Defarge was killed herself during the fight with maidservant of Manette. 1. 2. 6 Marquis St. Evremonde He was the uncle of Carton. The tyrannical man Marquis St.Evremonde, murdered innocent people, did anything he wanted to threaten people for his happiness. The bad man was killed by the revolutionary during the turmoil. 2. The Love and the Redemption among the Ideal Characters 1. The memory of Dr. Manette Prisoned in the Bastille for almost eighteen years, Dr. Manette seemed to forget his name and all the things around him. He made the shoes all day and all night. Although he became better under the care of his daughter, he said no words about the life in the Bastille at any time. When Darnay confessed to him about his real name, Dr.Manette might think about something—— the French aristocracy, the painful past time. He just relied on the shoes to keep him from the indignity and the sorrow, or escaped the memory. However, for love, the love in his daughter, the love among the whole family, Dr. Manette could choose to come back to France and face all the past that he was eager to forget. He told Darnay, his son-in-law, to guarantee not to tell anybody about his noble status. Because he bel ieved that the tyrannical behavior had no connection with the young generation of the Charles family. To save Charles Darnay, Dr.Manette tried all he could. He did not care about the feel of the gratitude or resentment; what he wished was to own a reunited and safe family. The love made him put the hostility down, and the escape from the old memory let him reserve the horrible truth in his own heart. It was the redemption of him, as well as the love for hope that established the credible bridge. The author Charles Dickens expressed the sense of responsibility into the plots of Dr. Manette. Dickens advocated the peaceful amelioration, hoping that the moral standards and regulations could rescue society. 2. Get out of the Aristocratic RingCharles Darney was another character who attempted to escape the old convention for love and redemption. The noble blood did not make him feel the sense of dignity; instead, he was dissatisfied or even resentful about his evil family. There were no i nfluences in his actions, what he did was acting as the normal man who could fight with the unfair classic exploitation. Even though at the time when he was born, he was destined to be a noble aristocracy, he was not ready to continue the violence that nobleman used to do. In the novel, Darney was brave enough that he detest and condemned the offence of his father and uncle.He once said, â€Å"We did run amuck at society†. â€Å"Even at my father’s time, we’ve committed lots of crimes, which disturbed and harmed everyone who wanted to own a happy life†. The resistance of Darney was not only rest on the verbal condemn, he also did it in actions that he expected to redeem the guilty of his family. For instance, Darney gave up his property and his title, living as an incognito teacher in England. Obviously, in his heart, the value of a person could not be measured by money, status or power. It was undoubtedly to be the bourgeois humanism.Charles Darneyâ€⠄¢s love was so deep that he put down his entire aristocratic stand, taking care of Lucie and Dr. Manatte. No matter how the miserable result of him was, he did successfully jump out of the aristocratic ring, which had been the constraint of his family for a long time. 3. The Sacrifice of love In this novel, the author Dickens did not use outstanding description to lead to the appearance of Sydney Carton. â€Å"With his hands in his pockets, staring at the ceiling of the court†; â€Å"Carton was rumored to be seen at broad day, going home stealthily and unsteadily to his lodgings, like a dissipated cat†.The first impression of him was not so deep. However, the man who seemed unruly had kind and exquisite mind. It was he, who first found Lucie falling in a faint; it was also he, who passed the thankfulness to Darney. The miserable man Carton also loved Lucie, but he had never revealed the emotion to anybody. Even though he believed that he would be refused if he confess ed the love to Lucie, he thought that if he would be happy to pay a visit to Lucie occasionally and to see Lucie’s happiness that was enough. Carton said to Lucie, â€Å"For you and for any dear to you, I would do anything.If my career were of that better kind that there was any opportunity or capacity of any sacrifice in it, I would embrace any sacrifice for you and for those dear to you. † It was so touching and selfless. The love that tolerates anything was the warmest light. After the rescue of Darney failed, Carton scheduled all things calmly: looked after Lucie all the time, stranded on the street which Lucie stranded heaps of times, till he went to the guillotine taking place of Darney. Carton was the materialization of the honorable English spirit that the writer Dickens was always pursuing.Although Carton was not a popular and social man, his sentiment was profound. Perhaps he was self-abased, or maybe he was redeeming for his common life which was asocial and gloomy. The love was powerful, just like the words said, â€Å"What I am doing now are better than anything I’ve ever done,; where I am going to rest, is much better than anywhere I’ve rest†. 4. The Spiritual Bailment in These Idealists Dr. Manatte, Lucie, Sydney Carton, and Charles Darney are the materialization of the author’s beautiful perspective.There is the humanistic light in these people, that is, the sense of justice, the spirit of devotion as well as the standards of behavior. â€Å"If ever there were Fraternity in the world, Mr. Sydney Carton owns it, Dr. Manette owns it, and Mr. Charles Darnay, Mrs. Lucie Darnay, Mr. Lorry, Miss Pross and Mr. Cruncher all own it. Because they all have unselfishly fraternized with others, others from the people the barely know to the people who was their love enemies or whose fathers and uncles would have oppressed and imprisoned them. † 2. The Love and the Redemption among the Revolutionary and Federal Aristocracy 1.Tragedy of Love and Redemption The representatives of the revolution are Defarge and his wife Madame Defarge. Undoubtedly, Madame Defarge was also the miserable image constructed in this novel. She lost her family members at early time; therefore the love in her heart was completely covered by the so-called Gothic gloomy. The only way for her to redeem was to struggle to change the awkward situation. After the revolution was breaking out, Madame Defarge almost lost her reason in the blood and fire. The frequent behavior of Madame Defarge was to keep recording the aristocratic atrocity in the pattern of her scarf.As the leader of the women team, Madame Defarge was always on her way to fight, accompanied with her pistol. Her psychology became more and more extreme, even her husband Defarge was made to be one of her murderous tools. At last, Madame Defarge died in her gun which went off fire. It was really a woeful result. Nevertheless, the most distressing thing was not the result; it was the fate of her. Madame Defarge stood for all the suffering and poor people at that time, she used her love and redemption to the wrong place. It was not her fault, of course. The whole world of poor people at that time was hurt; she was the symbol of all the misery.In The Tale of Two Cities, the part portraying Madame Defarge was credible, which showed her distinguished wisdom and courage vividly. When writing the Defarge Family, the author was clear and sensible. For one thing, he was sympathetic about the encounter of the Defarge Family; for another thing, he denied the terror brought by the revolutionary rage. 2. The Deserved Punishment of the Federal Aristocrac Another image modeled in this novel was the brothers of Marquis St. Evremonde. They are the representative of the French aristocracy. They killed the poor farmers without any explanation or apologie.The so-called love and redemption in their minds had changed into the shameless atrocity. It was also t he mentality of most of the aristocracy in eighteenth century. The author’s purpose of creating the brothers of Marquis St. Evremonde was not only to reflect the detest about their behavior. In one letter of the author Dickens said, â€Å"I believe, the dissatisfied emotion like the smoking was much worse than burring. Especially like the common emotions before the first French revolution, it was dangerous. Due to several reasons —— the bad harvest, the arbitrary government, the overseas failure and so on.All things lead to the significant catastrophe that had never seen before†. Thus it can be seen in these words that Dickens built the images of the brothers of Marquis St. Evremonde aimed at the insinuating the capitalist class during the French Revolution. He would like to warn the dispetious bourgeoisie that if they continue persecuting poor people and never stop reflecting themselves, the fate of the brothers of Marquis St. Evremonde would be their mo del. 3. 3 The Ruin in the Chaos As the rationality and the advance of the bottom citizens, Madame Defarge’s struggle had the positive side that deserved to be sympathized and confirmed.The â€Å"born in dignity† people got used to not regard poor people as real human being. They were praising the elegant culture while at the same time tolerating these poor people for fun. This made people like the Defarge and Madame Defarge turn the sorrow into anger, into the dead spot. As the result, the helpless people chose to fight otherwise they would wait to die. The burring revolutionary fire was destined to swallow the corrupted society. Yet when we cheer for the standing people, we can not neglect those who were innocent but were affirmed to be guilty.Their frightened and hopeless eyesight made us raise some questions: Why the new world can only be built in a pile of carcasses? Is there any sensitive status in the passion of the revolution? The novel revealed the pity truth t hat pushes us to rethink. That is, at the same time that ruining the old and conventional standards, we should know clear how can we construct the new world. Otherwise, human beings will fall into the same or similar outcome in this novel. 3. The Love and the Redemption between the Two Cities 4. 1 The Complicated WorldAs is known to all, the novel began with a paradoxical paragraph: â€Å"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way–in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degree of co mparison only. † Theoretically, this paragraph seemed too difficult to explain. In reality, it was the true reflection of our live, which was filled with unexpected events. The author just told us the truth about the deduction of history and society. That was, the love was not always as romantic as people imagined, and a good beginning might not always bring the wonderful ending.To some extent, the charactors in this novel had struggled against their fates again and again, even though the fates did not bring the best results that they had expected. For instance, Dr. Manatte had undergone the severe circumstance of jail for eighteen years, and had been waiting for so long to accusing the crimes of aristocracy. However, in order to protect his son-in-law, Darney, he chose to keep silent about all he had experienced. As for Lucie, she tried her best to save her husband, even though the final judgement could not be changed. And as for Carton, he sacrifaced his life for saving Darn ey, just because of his deep love in Lucie.But he did not ask for any return, even though he knew exactly that Lucie loved Darney instead of him. Moreover, the Defarge were eagering to obtain the peaceful live, so they kept fighting for the freedom of all the suffering citizens, even though the outcome was distorted and miserable. What made these charactors so brave to pursue their purposes? It was probably that the firm belief in each of their minds. The love and redemption among most of the people, which was like the driving force, motivated them to struggle for what they expeced. The author did not show the perfect outcome of them, because he would like to tell us that everything in the world is complicated and the result is often beyond expectation.In addition, the author Dickens also told us that since we could not change the complicated world, the most essential thing is to stick to our own belief struggling for the bright future, no matter what the result would be like. 4. 2 Deep Reasons behind the Crazy Revolutionary Wave There is a famous experience in psychology. In order to test citizens’ submission to the authority or the professors, the investigators invited some respondents without telling them the purpose of the experiment. They only told the respondents that they were testing the effects of punishment in study. The respondents were made to be teachers to teach students how to remember words. The teachers could use electric shock to punish students who forgot in the exams.When the fake students failed in the exams, these teachers who were acted by the respondents increased the voltage as what professors said(of course not through the electric current). The students screamed and hoped to stop doing like this. At that time, the teachers turned to the professors to ask whether to continue or not. Obtaining the permission from the professors to continue doing so, the teachers increased the voltage to the maximum without hesitation. This is a real experience conducted during the Second World War. To some extent, it can explain why virtuous citizens did so much violence during the war. The explanation also works on the novel, justifying the main reason about the revolutionary’s abnormal behaviors.When writing about the French Revolution, the author Dickens mentioned, â€Å"all people seemed to get the fever†. The kind-hearted people were taken advantage by the so-called leaders or â€Å"professors†, losing themselves in the crazy revolutionary wave. The only interest of these poor people was to enjoy the delight which brought by the massacre. They thought naively that the violence could save themselves from the repression by the aristocracy, without any time and courage to exam their own conscience. Nevertheless, what they acquired was really the â€Å"happy life†? I remember Russell once said, â€Å"The nature of the happiness is variety†. That is sound.In The Tale of Two Cities, the ci tizens between the two cities used various means to realize the redemption and look for the true love. But the purpose underlying these actions was almost the same—— that is , to spread the happiness to more people. 5. Conculsion The structure of this novel is well-organized. Different characters represented different images in the big picture of the French Revolution. Adding the personal emotions and thoughts into this novel, the author Charles Dickens expressed the profound meaning for latter generations. For one thing, though he criticized the offence of oppressors, he still held the prospects of all people. Even though the brothers of Marquis St.Evremonde were inhumane, their nephew——Charles Darney was totally different from them. To some extent, the goodness was regarded as sacred spirit, which might sweep the evil away. For another thing, the so-called â€Å"mobs† were attributed to the certain social conditions, but the author Dickens endowe d the Defarge couples with honesty and enthusiasm. Dickens believed that the future would be bright, no matter how difficult it was at the moment. Love is one factor underlying this novel, reflecting the prospect of abandoning the sanguinary chaos. Redemption is another factor penetrating the whole plots, connecting kind people perusing justice with vicious people ruining themselves. To sum up, what is the most significant splendor?That is, the warm love and moral redemption are lighting the historical sky. The Tale of Two Cities has illustrated such importance to all of us. References Charles, Dickens, ed. 1993. The Tale of Two Cities. London: Wordsworth Editions Limited. George, Orwell, ed. 1981. : George, Sampson, ed. 1981. Concise Cambridge English Literature. London: Wordsworth Editions Limited. Gedrge,Gissing, ed. 1925. Charle Dickens. London: Heemskerk Bookstore. Joaness,Gross, ed. 1981. : Nornan,Page, ed. 1984. A Dickens Companion. London : The Macmillan Press LTD . Guan Wenyi [ ],2008, , — :Liang Shiqiu[ ], 1985, : Luo Jingguo[ ],1981, : Wang Yuzhi [ ], 1997, , ,4:41—45 Wang Zuoliang [ ],1996, : Xue Hongshi [ ], 1996, : Zhang Ling [ ],1988, , , 2:33—39? Zhu weiliang [ ],1998, : 307—308  · , , , , ,  · , , ?; ; ; ; ;

Essay Draft

What is needed is essentially a gap, to show that aspects of r sectional thinking can coincide with faith. So the question must be asked; can faith and reason cookie SST? It is absolutely possible for rational thinking to be a part of faith, or more particularly religious s faith. The only point in which faith is irrational, is the initial leap Of faith one takes in order to make the decision. Besides this initial jump of blind faith, where one must fully trust a h Geiger power without complete understanding, every decision after this seemingly irrational I one, has the full capacity for rational thought.Often times thoughts, beliefs, and actions are often labeled as rational or irritate IANAL, but what defines something as rational? Rationality is defined as a pursuit of NAS were through the use of logical discourse and objective criteria. What comes out of this pursuit is w hat humans tend to think is rational. Generally speaking, rationality is what is â€Å"best on the tableâ₠¬ , it s purpose is to provide or attempt to provide, answers to questions based on factual evidence e and through the Kim 2 use of logical discourse and scientific advancements. With scientific advances, what is considered rational and irrational shifts as well.It is through new, changing eve dance that alters rationality. This is why rationality changes throughout the course of time, it is because new evidence is provided therefore changing the belief of what is considered ratio anal and what is considered to be irrational. Through the course of increased logical discourse and time, rationality and what one deems something as rational will continually evolve. Faith on the other hand, is belief that provides the best possible answers bas deed on scriptures and attempts to address the questions that science cannot. It's there e to provide the questions such as, â€Å"Why am I here? Or â€Å"What's my purpose on this earth? ‘. The is is the reason for why many accept religio n and faith into their lives. Many times humans De sire for purpose and reason for their lives. The theory of Existentialism and the brilliant minds of Albert Campus and Jean Paul State, articulate that humans possess an innate desire to create purpose in ones life. This wanting for purpose is satisfied through religion. Ultimately science awns errs the how, and faith answers the why it provides the purpose of everything in life, and the ever y essence of humans and their ultimate purpose.It is is evident that science deems that faith and reason are on the same page and essentially can be compared. However it is argued that the faith system and t he pursuit of rational answers to the universe are not on the same page. In fact, Francis Cool lines, director of the Human Genome Project states, â€Å"God gave us an opportunity through science to understand the natural world, but there will never be a scientific proof of God's existence† (Co Loins). It illuminates fact that scienc e is there not to contradict religion, but is there for the purpose of further understanding the world we live in.It's purpose is not to disprove relic ion, but instead to Kim 3 deepen our knowledge of the what we have already, the earth. It further sup rots the point that rational thinking and religion belong in two different domains and shows that the two are essentially two different scopes of looking at the world, from a spiritual stand point and both a rational standpoint. Furthermore Stephen Jay Gould, a famous evolutionary bi eulogist suggests of the existence of impoverishing magisterial (Gould). Gold's theory also know n as (NOAA) state that science and faith have separate teaching domains.This dissonance means that the findings and claims of both domain do not have to contradict each other. Pro egress in science does not have to disprove the teachings of religion. In the same way religion d goes not have to control every aspect of one's life. It demonstrates that besides t he initial leap of faith, what follows after has the potential to be rational as the existence of faith and ratio anally relate to two different domains. This is what it means to coexist separately. Therefore the p regress of rational thinking and science should not interfere with faith and vice versa.Essentially these two efferent domains are two different ways to come closer to, or attaining the Try HTH in their own respective fields. The assertion that faith does not cloud or bleed into the coo rise of logical thinking is made and emphasized quite heavily. In essence, the ideology that r elisions belief hinders one from rational thinking is disproved as it's heavily asserted that the e two belong in very different ballparks. Francis Collins, also indirectly refers to this theory of Gold's magisterial with the statement, â€Å"l was in a very reductionism frame of mind.The tats often what science imposes upon your thought process, and it's a good thing when you a ply it to the na tural world. But I sought to apply it to everything else. Obviously the spiritual world is another entity'. Collins admits that despite his numerous amount of years of science b 10th at Yale and the Human Genome Project, that the two domains of science and religion were is imply not meant to Kim 4 compliment or contradict each other. Ultimately, one can simply both be a sic intestine and a believer. Furthermore, it shows that both domains are indeed there and the d main of faith does not prevent progress through rational thinking.Therefore, when one claims t o believe, rational hinging is still present, because of the simple fact that the two belong in differ rent domains or region of thinking. There are of course the rare occasions when faith and reason do come together ere. This does not mean, however, that religion disproves rational thinking. Before the age o f Columbus, the rational way of thinking included the belief that the world was flat. A very pop alular and highly contro versial idea at the time, both rationality and religion produced the Sam e conclusion, that the world indeed was flat.This shows that despite the defined boundaries bet when reason and oath, that both can also hover on the same ideals. In the example of the world d being flat, both science and religion conformed to rational thinking that the world was flat (re member that rationality is what the best possible answer is based on the facts provided). D goes this not show that religion does not devalue rational thinking? It shows that religion does no t shun rational thinking, but rather is also another way of attaining the Truth.Thomas Aquinas s argues that faith and reason are just rather two methods but are related in that nature is sees initially God and the study of nature is to study God (Planting). Another instance where reason an d faith collide, is the theory of egocentricity. Rational thought at the time supported the hellion enteric theory based on the given evidence of past scholars. The institution who heavily supported this theory was none other than the Catholic Church. This can be seen as an act of irrational y that the Church did not base their decisions on the given evidences.However, this is not true as the works of supporters of the heliocentric theory remained hidden and censored, until we II after their own Kim 5 time. Once these works were discovered rationality would be altered as people now see that the Sun is the center and not the earth based on the provided evidence. It also go sees to show that rationality changes over time and ultimately takes time to change as evidence grows. Religion is seen as a concoction filled with emotion, and what better way to RI d oneself from rational thinking than to incorporate emotions?When one's emotions start to take control, one's thoughts and actions often become irrational. This being said, emotion and SE mentality often follow religion and faith, however even bigger than emotion, is action. Action s are a crucial part n almost every religion or philosophy. Without action nothing is achieved. As actions play a pivotal role in religion, emotions are irrelevant and can even be discouraged I n faith. Many times religion is institutionalized due to the supposed use of emotions and how h evilly religion relies on emotion. However this is not true at all.The basis Of religion is not s lowly based on emotions, but rather the actions and the strength or intimacy of faith that the individual carries. This goes to say however, that emotions aren't completely shunned by religion n, some are encouraged while others are discouraged completely. In Christianity the Ten Commandments that God provides humans with a set of guidelines that provided to the Israeli test the knowledge of certain actions and their moral values. It leaves out any aspect of emotion and are essentially just rules of what to do and what not to do.The word â€Å"do† immediately incisor orates actions and certain a cts but not emotions. Through an Eastern scope, the belief of actions and karma are a prime example. Furthermore religion goes about to shun certain emotions the at often bring about negative actions from humans through the verse â€Å"A fool gives full vent to his s rid, but a wise man quietly holds it back† (Proverbs 29:1 1). This popular verse depicts the rest train upon which Christianity places upon an individual. It shuns the expression of one's emotion NSA especially Kim 6 anger.Such restrictions on emotions are also present in Eastern philosophies and religions. In the religion of Hinduism, the discharge of emotions is evident. The fundamentals of Hinduism state that emotions hinder one from reaching the point of enlightenment. Further more emotions produce certain detrimental desires within an individual that prevents the par TTY from seeing the Truth; that emotions and personal desires are meaningless. Yes, religion does shun some emotions but not all emotions. Emot ions such a s happiness and euphoria are encouraged.But most if not all religions possess a unifying element of love and compassion (Jesus in Christianity, Shattered in Buddhism etc. ). Such a cone action begs to answer the question of whether or not such feelings incite irrational thin king, or if they re even emotions at all. Love is characterized by physical objects and actions. In a relic souse aspect the acts of Jesus Christ symbolize God's supposed love. If love is characterized by such acts, its more than safe to say that love is indeed an action and not an emotion. Love s shown through actions that symbolize the level of love that one possesses.But the deepest el veil of love is through sacrifice: and sacrifice is an action, therefore linking the overseen chaw in between love and actions. Through sacrifice one learns the value of love, and the greater the e sacrifice the greater strength Of love. However many believe that love is irrational, and that t is perfectly true, lov e itself is irrational, but the reasons why humans are rational according to social relationships s explained by Aristotle statement, â€Å"Man is by nature a social animal; an mind Vidal who is unsocial naturally and not accidentally is either beneath our notice or more the an human† (Rack).This quote shows that humans want if not need social interactions , such actions which include the essence of love. Therefore the need for love and further Soc ill interactions are justified as being rational. This justifies the rationality of why one chooses to Eve, or to embrace Kim 7 the concept of love. This unifying element of love also carries the implication t hat morally sound actions are heavily encouraged. The certain encouragement of morally sound behavior can be seen throughout all religions. The Buddhists describe this as dharma, and the Western belief perceives it as the Ten Commandments.The fact that such diverse religions c an come together on a single consensus that moral ly sound actions are essential to one's faith, provokes yet another question; the question of how such a phenomena can occur. Based o n the difference of the origins of these religions, it goes about to show that religions appeal to the e common interest Of people. This however, does not explain how or why certain extremists act the way the do. In such cases religion is seen as providing actions that resort to irrational action s.First off, remember that such extremists represent only a very small number of certain religious beliefs. Secondly, the actions of such extremists are fueled by their own interpretation NSA. Therefore, if the definition of rationality is defined as the product of the pursuit of knowledge, the interpretations of certain texts is one's own pursuit of knowledge. The late novelist and essays SST D. H. Lawrence States, â€Å"The human being is a most curious creature. † (Lawrence). The justifies Zion of such interpretations is essentially supported by thi s statement by Lawrence.The in trepidations of texts differ as different sects offer different answers to certain curiosities. Fur hormone, if an extremist no matter how extreme, is given the question of what is two plus two o, the answer will inevitably be four. Ultimately they would know and understand how and why two and two is four, even if they've never encountered the question before. They can prove t wrought the pursuit of logical thinking can they not? If they are capable of such actions it shows the at rational thinking is still present despite whatever faith they believe in. Essay Draft Actually one didn't even think at all. One was going by its instincts while the other was going by its knowledge. Now what's more more important knowledge of stuff, or being able to imagine the stuff. Let's say you're building a house. If you have knowledge you'll build a steady house, normal sized.With your imagination you could've imagined a mansion with a pool, home theater, etc. So what is more important. Essay: Very early in the story the narrator was talking about how cold it is, and how that's all that came to the mans head,† Oh,it's cold. † While the dog didn't know it was below freezing he could read a thermometer, he knew this was no time to be out, and he wondered why the man hasn't built a fire yet. The man kept walking and walking only thinking about how cold it is.In this case he dogs instincts win. Dog 1- Man O Next case scenario is when the man sends the dog to go up front and check if it's safe. The dog goes and falls on water, causing him to quickly lick his paws to get them heated so they wouldn't freeze and get numb. Now the dog didn't know what would happen if his feet got frozen, it was its instinct. The man also falls in water wetting his knees, he knew this would delay him an hour and that he had to build a fire.He got a fire starting but because he kept boning the tree to grab branches, the snow from atop the tree fell down on the fire. He got angry and tried to build another fire, but his feet and hands were badly frozen. There was nothing he could do. The dog's instincts win again. Dog 2-Man O Now there are many more scenarios and could keep going naming one by one then explaining but that will be boring. So IM going to shake things up a bit. The man has lots of knowledge as you know, but he doesn't have knowledge of the things surrounding him, as it's his first winter. Essay Draft Competitions are everywhere in our society. People compete against each other using deferent ways and effective behaviors. They stimulate people's creativities and Innovations. They help people promote their maximum potentials. Athletes practice and train hard to reach their goals. Companies cooperate and create Innovative products to change the world. Cakewalk does her best to learn and Improve with Dry. Larvae's help In order to win the national spelling bee competition while she feels incontinent competing against Dylan.However, competitions could bring up negative behaviors at the same time, depending what attitudes and behaviors people are holding In the competitions. Cheating Is s behavior when people try to win during a competition. Some people steal classical files and take advantage of others' secrets. In the movie of Cakewalk and the Bee, a competitors mother cheats in the competition, who tries to help her son go to the next round. In summary, competitions are two- sided s words. All kinds of behaviors show up in competitions.Cooperating, cheating ND practicing are behaviors that help them to succeed in the competitions. Cooperating is one of the significant behaviors in competitions. Under the pressure of competitions, competitors spontaneously learn from each other and unite as a larger group. For example, Nikkei and Apple are two top companies at their fields. As the society becomes more digitized, they cooperate and they share technologies. As a result, a pair of Nikkei shoes with high-tech chip can directly connect to Apple devices to record data. In the movie, Cakewalk is invited to Join a Spelling Bee Club at another school.She gets a chance to learn from her friends, who are also competitors. They share experiences and strategies and play interesting games. She improves her skills in the group. At the national spelling bee competition, Cakewalk misspells a word because she does not want to upset Dylan father. But Dylan does the same thing to h er. They compete fairly and they both get 25 champion words. Cooperation makes them succeed in sharing the champion. When people compete, they sometimes cooperate because it is the best way the maximize their advantages. Those people ho want to win so badly cheat.They try to take advantage of what they can get In the competition in inappropriate WAP to compete. For Instance, people use cellophane to find the answers or copy from others' paper while taking exams. Essay Draft 1 By Philanthropically different ways and effective behaviors. They stimulate people's creativities and innovations. They help people promote their maximum potentials. Athletes practice and train hard to reach their goals. Companies cooperate and create innovative products to change the world. Cakewalk does her best to learn and improve with Dry.Larvae's help in order to win the national spelling bee competition while she feels unconfined competing against Dylan. However, competitions could bring up negative hold ing in the competitions. Cheating is s behavior when people try to win during a In the movie of Cakewalk and the Bee, a competitor's mother cheats in the competition, Cooperating is one of the significant behaviors in competitions. Under the pressure who want to win so badly cheat. They try to take advantage of what they can get in the competition in inappropriate ways to compete. For instance, people use